{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:38:15Z","timestamp":1790681895190,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]],"date-time":"2015-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["KO1 DK075386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KO1 DK075386"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1R03DK089010-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R03DK089010-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIAMS\/National Institutes of Health","award":["R01 AR057404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR057404"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]],"date-time":"2015-04-06T20:51:55Z","timestamp":1428353515000},"page":"e12356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":253,"title":["Leaky intestine and impaired microbiome in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Shaoping","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry; Rush University Medical Center; Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxun","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology; Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience; Kansas Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-guo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry; Rush University Medical Center; Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingsong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology; Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience; Kansas Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry; Rush University Medical Center; Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0001|phy212356-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02586.x","article-title":"Incidence and lifetime risk of motor neuron disease in the United Kingdom: a population-based study","volume":"16","author":"Alonso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0002|phy212356-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00012.2006","article-title":"Restoration of barrier function in injured intestinal mucosa","volume":"87","author":"Blikslager","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0003|phy212356-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07416","article-title":"A key role for autophagy and the autophagy gene Atg16\u00a0l1 in mouse and human intestinal Paneth cells","volume":"456","author":"Cadwell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0004|phy212356-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.01.075","article-title":"The relationship between intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system in normal gastrointestinal function and disease","volume":"136","author":"Collins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0005|phy212356-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00234","article-title":"Differential autophagy power in the spinal cord and muscle of transgenic ALS mice","volume":"7","author":"Crippa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0006|phy212356-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","article-title":"Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome","volume":"505","author":"David","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0007|phy212356-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7142","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602046103","article-title":"Conversion to the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype is associated with intermolecular linked insoluble aggregates of SOD1 in mitochondria","volume":"103","author":"Deng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0008|phy212356-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.03032.x","article-title":"Intestinal barrier: an interface between health and disease","volume":"18","author":"Farhadi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0009|phy212356-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2010.06.008","article-title":"Pyrosequencing study of fecal microflora of autistic and control children","volume":"16","author":"Finegold","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0010|phy212356-cit-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28032","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028032","article-title":"Increased intestinal permeability correlates with sigmoid mucosa alpha-synuclein staining and endotoxin exposure markers in early Parkinson's disease","volume":"6","author":"Forsyth","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0011|phy212356-cit-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512001948","article-title":"A review of the potential mechanisms for the lowering of colorectal oncogenesis by butyrate","volume":"108","author":"Fung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0012|phy212356-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8209258","article-title":"Motor neuron degeneration in mice that express a human Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase mutation","volume":"264","author":"Gurney","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0013|phy212356-cit-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.11.024","article-title":"Microbiota modulate behavioral and physiological abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"155","author":"Hsiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0014|phy212356-cit-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1320786110","article-title":"Aggregation-triggering segments of SOD1 fibril formation support a common pathway for familial and sporadic ALS","volume":"111","author":"Ivanova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0015|phy212356-cit-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-011-9339-1","article-title":"SOD1 and TDP-43 animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: recent advances in understanding disease toward the development of clinical treatments","volume":"22","author":"Joyce","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mamm. Genome"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0016|phy212356-cit-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15094","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.542613","article-title":"Dimerization, oligomerization, and aggregation of human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Cu\/Zn-superoxide dismutase 1 mutant forms in live cells","volume":"289","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0017|phy212356-cit-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.5338","article-title":"Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes","volume":"4","author":"Klionsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0018|phy212356-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071416","article-title":"JAM-A regulates permeability and inflammation in the intestine in vivo","volume":"204","author":"Laukoetter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0019|phy212356-cit-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2013.11.012","article-title":"Delineating the relationships among the formation of reactive oxygen species, cell membrane instability and innate autoimmunity in intestinal reperfusion injury","volume":"58","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0020|phy212356-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.5524","article-title":"Altered macroautophagy in the spinal cord of SOD1 mutant mice","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0021|phy212356-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2369","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002369","article-title":"Salmonella type III effector AvrA stabilizes cell tight junctions to inhibit inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"3","author":"Liao","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0022|phy212356-cit-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30585","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M803548200","article-title":"Structural constraints for the binding of short peptides to claudin-4 revealed by surface plasmon resonance","volume":"283","author":"Ling","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0023|phy212356-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82112","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082112","article-title":"Defective mitochondrial dynamics is an early event in skeletal muscle of an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model","volume":"8","author":"Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0024|phy212356-cit-0024","first-page":"117","article-title":"The gut-brain barrier in major depression: intestinal mucosal dysfunction with an increased translocation of LPS from gram negative enterobacteria (leaky gut) plays a role in the inflammatory pathophysiology of depression","volume":"29","author":"Maes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol. Lett."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0025|phy212356-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.2174\/156652411795243450","article-title":"The Role of immune and inflammatory mechanisms in ALS","volume":"11","author":"McCombe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0026|phy212356-cit-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e107388","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107388","article-title":"Butyrate increases intracellular calcium levels and enhances growth hormone release from rat anterior pituitary cells via the G-protein-coupled receptors GPR41 and 43","volume":"9","author":"Miletta","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0027|phy212356-cit-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-020712-163918","article-title":"Autophagy as a stress-response and quality-control mechanism: implications for cell injury and human disease","volume":"8","author":"Murrow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0028|phy212356-cit-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1971","article-title":"Molecular biology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: insights from genetics","volume":"7","author":"Pasinelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0029|phy212356-cit-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00307-7","article-title":"Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease","volume":"2","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0030|phy212356-cit-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1745","article-title":"Immune complex relay by subcapsular sinus macrophages and noncognate B cells drives antibody affinity maturation","volume":"10","author":"Phan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0031|phy212356-cit-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2009.10.033","article-title":"Claudin 4-targeted protein incorporated into PLGA nanoparticles can mediate M cell targeted delivery","volume":"142","author":"Rajapaksa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0032|phy212356-cit-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1825","article-title":"Enteric defensins are essential regulators of intestinal microbial ecology","volume":"11","author":"Salzman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0033|phy212356-cit-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3182160690","article-title":"Autophagy in spinal cord motor neurons in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"70","author":"Sasaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0034|phy212356-cit-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13398","article-title":"High-fat-diet-mediated dysbiosis promotes intestinal carcinogenesis independently of obesity","volume":"514","author":"Schulz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0035|phy212356-cit-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G577","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00439.2005","article-title":"Role of epithelial cells in initiation and propagation of intestinal inflammation. Eliminating the static: tight junction dynamics exposed","volume":"290","author":"Shen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0036|phy212356-cit-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2014.08.001","article-title":"Exploring gut microbes in human health and disease: pushing the envelope","volume":"1","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genes Dis."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0037|phy212356-cit-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080588","article-title":"IL-17 produced by Paneth cells drives TNF-induced shock","volume":"205","author":"Takahashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0038|phy212356-cit-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06244","article-title":"The human microbiome project","volume":"449","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0039|phy212356-cit-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1726","article-title":"Autophagy genes in immunity","volume":"10","author":"Virgin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0040|phy212356-cit-0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307436","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial vitamin D receptor deletion leads to defective autophagy in colitis","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0041|phy212356-cit-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12271","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12271","article-title":"Suppressed autophagy flux in skeletal muscle of an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model upon disease progression","volume":"3","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0042|phy212356-cit-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32436","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.217711","article-title":"Mitochondrial calcium uptake regulates rapid calcium transients in skeletal muscle during excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling","volume":"286","author":"Yi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0043|phy212356-cit-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3858\/emm.2012.44.2.032","article-title":"Autophagy and bacterial infectious diseases","volume":"44","author":"Yuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0044|phy212356-cit-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3163","article-title":"Structural modulation of gut microbiota in life-long calorie-restricted mice","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2013a","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0045|phy212356-cit-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58606","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058606","article-title":"Salmonella infection upregulates the leaky protein claudin-2 in intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2013b","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0046|phy212356-cit-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.27710","article-title":"MTOR-independent, autophagic enhancer trehalose prolongs motor neuron survival and ameliorates the autophagic flux defect in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12356-BIB0047|phy212356-cit-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.041319","article-title":"Hyperactive intracellular calcium signaling associated with localized mitochondrial defects in skeletal muscle of an animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"285","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.14814%2Fphy2.12356","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.14814\/phy2.12356\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]],"date-time":"2018-01-30T08:59:55Z","timestamp":1517302795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.14814\/phy2.12356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.12356","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-817X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2051-817X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}}}