{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:14:14Z","timestamp":1789596854944,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]],"date-time":"2016-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000374","name":"British Medical Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000837","name":"University of Nottingham","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]],"date-time":"2016-09-21T20:48:32Z","timestamp":1474490912000},"page":"e12960","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The differential effects of azithromycin on the airway epithelium in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Mariel","family":"Slater","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine; Queen's Medical Centre; University of Nottingham; Nottingham United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Torr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine; Queen's Medical Centre; University of Nottingham; Nottingham United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine; Queen's Medical Centre; University of Nottingham; Nottingham United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Forrester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine; Queen's Medical Centre; University of Nottingham; Nottingham United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Knox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine; Queen's Medical Centre; University of Nottingham; Nottingham United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominick","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine; Queen's Medical Centre; University of Nottingham; Nottingham United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Sayers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine; Queen's Medical Centre; University of Nottingham; Nottingham United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0001|phy212960-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1104623","article-title":"Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations of COPD","volume":"365","author":"Albert","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0002|phy212960-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.5.1805-1812.2006","article-title":"Novel effects of azithromycin on tight junction proteins in human airway epithelia","volume":"50","author":"Asgrimsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0003|phy212960-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20040342","article-title":"Structural changes in the airways in asthma: observations and consequences","volume":"108","author":"Bai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0004|phy212960-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2002.01219.x","article-title":"Increased release of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the plasma of acute severe asthmatic patients","volume":"32","author":"Belleguic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0005|phy212960-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-202698","article-title":"Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations in severe asthma (AZISAST): a multicentre randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Brusselle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0006|phy212960-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2004.12.005","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases in asthma and COPD","volume":"5","author":"Demedts","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0007|phy212960-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00095809","article-title":"Azithromycin induces anti-viral responses in bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"36","author":"Gielen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0008|phy212960-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1014350","article-title":"Effect of bronchoconstriction on airway remodeling in asthma","volume":"364","author":"Grainge","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0009|phy212960-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2012.04.110309","article-title":"Azithromycin for bronchial asthma in adults: an effectiveness trial","volume":"25","author":"Hahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Board Fam. Med."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0010|phy212960-cit-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2009.12.002","article-title":"Macrolide antibiotics in the treatment of asthma. An update","volume":"38","author":"Hernando-Sastre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Allergol. Immunopathol. (Madr)"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0011|phy212960-cit-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.10.025","article-title":"Epithelium dysfunction in asthma","volume":"120","author":"Holgate","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0012|phy212960-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3457","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.9.3457-3461.2004","article-title":"Azithromycin inhibits MUC5AC production induced by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa autoinducer N-(3-Oxododecanoyl) homoserine lactone in NCI-H292 Cells","volume":"48","author":"Imamura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0013|phy212960-cit-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.10.008","article-title":"Measurement properties and interpretation of three shortened versions of the asthma control questionnaire","volume":"99","author":"Juniper","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0014|phy212960-cit-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.3.9908016","article-title":"Increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the airway after allergen challenge","volume":"162","author":"Kelly","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0015|phy212960-cit-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200603-392OC","article-title":"Intrinsic biochemical and functional differences in bronchial epithelial cells of children with asthma","volume":"174","author":"Kicic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0016|phy212960-cit-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1159\/000104419","article-title":"Histamine induces MUC5AC expression via a hCLCA1 pathway","volume":"80","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0017|phy212960-cit-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.4.9708080","article-title":"Contribution of 92\u00a0kDa gelatinase\/type IV collagenase in bronchial inflammation during status asthmaticus","volume":"159","author":"Lemjabbar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0018|phy212960-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2016.05.005","article-title":"Azithromycin differentially affects the IL-13-induced expression profile in human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"39","author":"Mertens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0019|phy212960-cit-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.10.016","article-title":"HO-1 inhibits IL-13-induced goblet cell hyperplasia associated with CLCA1 suppression in normal human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"29","author":"Mishina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0020|phy212960-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2015.11.015","article-title":"Azithromycin recovers reductions in barrier function in human gingival epithelial cells stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"62","author":"Miyagawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0021|phy212960-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.077818","article-title":"Effect of azithromycin on primary bronchial epithelial cells derived from stable lung allografts","volume":"62","author":"Murphy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0022|phy212960-cit-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.9.757","article-title":"Increased circulating 92\u00a0kDa matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) activity in exacerbations of asthma","volume":"58","author":"Oshita","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0023|phy212960-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i1","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203618","article-title":"British Thoracic Society guideline for diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy in adults: accredited by NICE","volume":"68","author":"Rand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0024|phy212960-cit-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12199","article-title":"Macrolides for the long-term management of asthma-a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"68","author":"Reiter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0025|phy212960-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5806","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005806","article-title":"Azithromycin treatment alters gene expression in inflammatory, lipid metabolism, and cell cycle pathways in well-differentiated human airway epithelia","volume":"4","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0026|phy212960-cit-0026","first-page":"CD002997","article-title":"Macrolides for chronic asthma","author":"Richeldi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0027|phy212960-cit-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00102014","article-title":"Novel antiviral properties of azithromycin in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells","volume":"45","author":"Schogler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0028|phy212960-cit-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00779-2015","article-title":"Clinical and inflammatory characteristics of the European U-BIOPRED adult severe asthma cohort","volume":"46","author":"Shaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0029|phy212960-cit-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.11.001","article-title":"Macrolide antibiotics as immunomodulatory medications: proposed mechanisms of action","volume":"117","author":"Shinkai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0030|phy212960-cit-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200707-1134OC","article-title":"Clarithromycin targets neutrophilic airway inflammation in refractory asthma","volume":"177","author":"Simpson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0031|phy212960-cit-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00136712","article-title":"Long-term macrolide treatment for chronic respiratory disease","volume":"42","author":"Spagnolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0032|phy212960-cit-0032","first-page":"943982","article-title":"Evaluation of differentiated human bronchial epithelial cell culture systems for asthma research","volume":"2012","author":"Stewart","year":"2012a","journal-title":"J. Allergy (Cairo)"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0033|phy212960-cit-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-200508","article-title":"uPAR regulates bronchial epithelial repair in\u00a0vitro and is elevated in asthmatic epithelium","volume":"67","author":"Stewart","year":"2012b","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0034|phy212960-cit-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200601-071OC","article-title":"Azithromycin reduces airway neutrophilia and interleukin-8 in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome","volume":"174","author":"Verleden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0035|phy212960-cit-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trim.2011.06.006","article-title":"Azithromycin decreases MMP-9 expression in the airways of lung transplant recipients","volume":"25","author":"Verleden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transpl. Immunol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0036|phy212960-cit-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.2.1016","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9-mediated dendritic cell recruitment into the airways is a critical step in a mouse model of asthma","volume":"171","author":"Vermaelen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0037|phy212960-cit-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L751","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.90578.2008","article-title":"MMP9 modulates tight junction integrity and cell viability in human airway epithelia","volume":"296","author":"Vermeer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0038|phy212960-cit-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit270","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants are independently associated with worse lung disease in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"57","author":"Wolter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0039|phy212960-cit-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60953-2","article-title":"Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (EMBRACE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"380","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0040|phy212960-cit-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200903-0392OC","article-title":"T-helper type 2-driven inflammation defines major subphenotypes of asthma","volume":"180","author":"Woodruff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0041|phy212960-cit-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.05.038","article-title":"Defective epithelial barrier function in asthma","volume":"128","author":"Xiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.14814\/phy2.12960-BIB0042|phy212960-cit-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-10-89","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of antibacterials on human Bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"10","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Res."}],"container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.14814%2Fphy2.12960","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.14814\/phy2.12960\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]],"date-time":"2018-03-16T13:18:01Z","timestamp":1521206281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.14814\/phy2.12960"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.12960","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-817X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2051-817X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}}}