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Alveolar hemorrhage has been reported in patients with influenza pneumonia and in mice infected with influenza A. In this study, we investigated the effect of two anticoagulants on alveolar hemorrhage after influenza A virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection of wild\u2010type mice. Wild\u2010type mice were anticoagulated with either warfarin or the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate and then infected with a mouse\u2010adapted influenza virus (A\/Puerto Rico\/8\/34 H1N1). Alveolar hemorrhage was assessed by measuring hemoglobin levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALF<\/jats:styled-content>). We also measured vascular permeability and viral genomes in the lung, as well as white blood cells, inflammatory mediators, and protein in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALF<\/jats:styled-content>. Survival and body weight were monitored for 14\u00a0days after influenza A infection. In infected mice receiving either warfarin or dabigatran etexilate we observed decreased activation of coagulation in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALF<\/jats:styled-content> and increased alveolar hemorrhage. Warfarin but not dabigatran etexilate increased vascular permeability and mortality of influenza A\u2010infected mice. Anticoagulation did not affect levels of influenza A genomes, white blood cells, inflammatory mediators, or protein in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALF<\/jats:styled-content>. Our study indicates that systemic anticoagulation increases alveolar hemorrhage in influenza A\u2010infected mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,22]],"date-time":"2016-12-22T01:10:58Z","timestamp":1482369058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Anticoagulation increases alveolar hemorrhage in mice infected with influenza A"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Kohei","family":"Tatsumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology UNC McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Antoniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology UNC McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saravanan","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology UNC McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Gondouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology UNC McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North 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