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These changes put individuals at risk for insulin resistance, type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. To determine the relationships between skeletal muscle mitochondrial mass, activity, and body composition, 22 men with motor complete <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content> were studied. Body composition assessment was performed using dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle to measure citrate synthase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>) and complex <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIII<\/jats:styled-content>) activity. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> activity was inversely related to %body fat (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.57, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.013), %leg fat (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.52, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.027), %trunk fat (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.54, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.020), and %android fat (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.54, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.017). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIII<\/jats:styled-content> activity was negatively related to %body fat (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.58, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.022) and %leg fat (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.54, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.037). Increased visceral adipose tissue was associated with decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIII<\/jats:styled-content> activity (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.66, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.60, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.022). Thigh intramuscular fat was also inversely related to both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIII<\/jats:styled-content> activity (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.56, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.026; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.60, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.024). Conversely, lean mass (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.75, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0003; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.65, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008) and thigh muscle cross\u2010sectional area (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSA<\/jats:styled-content>;<jats:italic> r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.82, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0001; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.84; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0001) were positively related to mitochondrial parameters. When normalized to thigh muscle <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSA<\/jats:styled-content>, many body composition measurements remained related to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIII<\/jats:styled-content> activity, suggesting that %fat and lean mass may predict mitochondrial mass and activity independent of muscle size. Finally, individuals with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content> over age 40 had decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIII<\/jats:styled-content> activity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.009; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004), suggesting a decrease in mitochondrial health with advanced age. Collectively, these findings suggest that an increase in adipose tissue and decrease in lean mass results in decreased skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity in individuals with chronic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,14]],"date-time":"2017-02-14T01:10:23Z","timestamp":1487034623000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Mitochondrial mass and activity as a function of body composition in individuals with spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Laura C.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center Richmond Virginia"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodney C.","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liron","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology Pauley Heart Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeannie","family":"Savas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center Richmond Virginia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Lesnefsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology Pauley Heart Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"},{"name":"Medical Service Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center Richmond Virginia"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraf S.","family":"Gorgey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center Richmond Virginia"},{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00768.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/52350"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.280.2.H603"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00039.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.1.350"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1938"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(92)90270-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101652"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2657-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-1612"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101968"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2011.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/H10-091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2010.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31822672aa"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772314Y.0000000245"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Muscle fiber composition in patients with traumatic cord lesion","volume":"8","author":"Grimby G.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Scand. 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