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Although <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRPA<\/jats:styled-content>1 has been proposed as an irritant receptor that, when stimulated, triggers bradypnea, precise locations of the receptors responsible have not been elucidated. Here, we examined the relative importance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRPA<\/jats:styled-content>1 located in the upper airway (nasal) and the lower airway (trachea\/lungs) in urethane\u2010anesthetized mice. To stimulate the upper and lower airways separately, two cannulas were inserted through a hole made in the trachea just caudal to the thyroid cartilage, one into the nasal cavity and the second into the lower trachea. A vapor of one of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRPA<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010agonists, allyl isothiocyanate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AITC<\/jats:styled-content>), was introduced by placing a piece of cotton paper soaked with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AITC<\/jats:styled-content> solution into the airline. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AITC<\/jats:styled-content> decreased the respiratory frequency when applied to the upper airway (ca \u221230%) but not to the lower airway (ca \u22125%). No response was observed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRPA<\/jats:styled-content>1 knockout mice. Contribution of the olfactory nerve seemed minimal because olfactory bulbectomized wild\u2010type mice showed a similar response to that of the intact mice. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AITC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced bradypnea seemed to be mediated, at least in part, by the trigeminal nerve because trigeminal ganglion neurons were activated by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AITC<\/jats:styled-content> as revealed by an increase in the phosphorylated form of extracellular signal\u2010regulated kinase in the neurons. These data clearly show that trigeminal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRPA<\/jats:styled-content>1 in the nasal cavity play an essential role in irritant\u2010induced bradypnea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,31]],"date-time":"2016-12-31T02:05:16Z","timestamp":1483149916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Nasal TRPA1 mediates irritant\u2010induced bradypnea in mice"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Inui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical &amp; Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ChangPing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical &amp; Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan L.","family":"Pauli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical &amp; Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiharu","family":"Kuroki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical &amp; Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan"},{"name":"Anesthesiology &amp; Critical Care Medicine Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical &amp; Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shogo","family":"Tashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical &amp; Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan"},{"name":"Anesthesiology &amp; Critical Care Medicine Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical &amp; Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Kanmura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology &amp; Critical Care Medicine Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical &amp; Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Kashiwadani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical &amp; Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Kuwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical &amp; Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-013-0505-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(91)90355-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00026.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.153585"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/284255a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90382.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"395","volume-title":"Handbook of Physiology Sect 3 The Respiratory System Vol II Control of Breathing","author":"Coleridge H. 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