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The window of opportunity to treat later life <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content> programmed in fetal life is critical. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of resveratrol treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUGR<\/jats:styled-content> offspring at a time of known <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<\/jats:styled-content> dysfunction. Sprague\u2013Dawley male and female rat offspring who experienced normoxia (21% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; control) or hypoxia (11% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUGR<\/jats:styled-content>) in utero were fed a high\u2010fat (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>) diet (3\u201321\u00a0weeks of age) or a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content> diet (3\u201321\u00a0weeks of age) supplemented with resveratrol from 13 to 21\u00a0weeks of age. At 21\u00a0weeks of age, echocardiographic data showed that male <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUGR<\/jats:styled-content> offspring had mild in\u00a0vivo diastolic dysfunction, whereas female <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUGR<\/jats:styled-content> offspring had early signs of cardiac diastolic dysfunction that was not altered by resveratrol treatment. Notably, male and female <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUGR<\/jats:styled-content> offspring demonstrated equal susceptibility to ex\u00a0vivo cardiac dysfunction recovery after ischemia\/reperfusion (I\/R) injury and this was improved by resveratrol treatment, independent of sex. Resveratrol increased cardiac phospho\u2010adenosine monophosphate kinase (p\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMPK<\/jats:styled-content>) levels in only female <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUGR<\/jats:styled-content> offspring. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUGR<\/jats:styled-content> or resveratrol did not alter cardiac superoxide levels. However, in male offspring, an overall effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUGR<\/jats:styled-content> in reducing cardiac catalase levels was observed that was not altered by resveratrol. Interestingly, in only female <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUGR<\/jats:styled-content> offspring, resveratrol significantly increased cardiac superoxide dismutase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOD<\/jats:styled-content>) 2 levels. In conclusion, resveratrol treatment of adult <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUGR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0offspring, at the time of known <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<\/jats:styled-content> dysfunction, improved cardiac function recovery in both sexes and the mechanisms involved were partially sex\u2010specific.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,21]],"date-time":"2017-01-21T01:25:45Z","timestamp":1484961945000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Postnatal resveratrol supplementation improves cardiovascular function in male and female intrauterine growth restricted offspring"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Amin","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Women and Children's 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