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Fourteen males and four females were recruited for two sessions, where they exercised for 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u00a0min at 100\u00a0W to determine efficiency. HOX and normoxia (NOX) were administered randomly on both occasions to account for differences in nitrogen exchange. Thereafter, a progressive ramp test was performed to determine <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>O<jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub> and maximal power output (<jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>). After 30\u00a0min rest, workload was set to 80% of maximal power output (<jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) for a time to exhaustion test (TTE). At 100W gross efficiency was reduced from 19.4% during NOX to 18.9% during HOX (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u2264<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001). HOX increased fat oxidation at 100\u00a0W by 52% from 3.41\u00a0kcal\u00a0min<jats:sup>\u20101<\/jats:sup> to 5.17\u00a0kcal min<jats:sup>\u20101<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u2264<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001) with a corresponding reduction in carbohydrate oxidation. <jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> increased by 2.4% from 388.8 (\u00b182.1) during NOX to 397.8 (\u00b183.5) during HOX (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u2264<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001). SaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was higher in HOX both at the end of the maximal exercise test and TTE. Subjects with a high level of efficiency in NOX had a larger improvement in Wmax with HOX, in agreement with the hypothesis that an optimum level of efficiency exists that maximizes power production. No association between mitochondrial excess capacity and endurance performance was found; increases in oxygen supply seemed to increase maximal aerobic power production and maintain\/increase endurance capacity at the same relative workload.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,21]],"date-time":"2017-01-21T01:25:45Z","timestamp":1484961945000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Aerobic efficiency is associated with the improvement in maximal power output during acute hyperoxia"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Tom A.","family":"Manselin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences \u00c5strand Laboratory of Work Physiology Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olof","family":"S\u00f6derg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences \u00c5strand Laboratory of Work Physiology Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filip J.","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences \u00c5strand Laboratory of Work Physiology Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institute Sweden Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lindholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institute Sweden Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M410479200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Effect of hyperoxia on maximal oxygen uptake, blood acid\u2010base balance and limitations to exercise tolerance","volume":"6","author":"Astorino T. 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