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It remains unknown whether such women demonstrate impairments in <jats:italic>acute<\/jats:italic> progesterone negative feedback on LH pulse frequency or progesterone <jats:italic>positive<\/jats:italic> feedback on gonadotropin release. This was a randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled crossover study designed to test the hypothesis that acute, progesterone\u2010related suppression of LH pulse frequency and progesterone\u2010related augmentation of gonadotropin release are impaired in PCOS. Twelve normally cycling women and 12 women with PCOS completed study. Volunteers were pretreated with transdermal estradiol (0.2\u00a0mg\/day) for 3\u00a0days and then underwent a frequent blood sampling study (20:00\u201320:00\u00a0h), during which they received micronized progesterone (100\u00a0mg) or placebo at 06:00\u00a0h. In a second study admission, volunteers received the intervention they did not receive during the first admission, but the protocol was otherwise identical. The primary outcome measures were LH secretory characteristics and circulating gonadotropin concentrations. Exogenous progesterone did not reduce LH pulse frequency in either group. Mean LH, pulsatile LH secretion, LH pulse mass, and mean FSH increased more with progesterone compared to placebo in both groups. Although trends toward less pronounced changes in LH pulse mass and pulsatile LH secretion were observed in the PCOS group, these differences were not statistically significant. In summary, exogenous progesterone did not suppress LH pulse frequency within 12\u00a0hours in estradiol\u2010pretreated women, and the positive feedback effect of progesterone on gonadotropin release was not demonstrably impaired in PCOS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>New &amp; Noteworthy<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study indicated that exogenous progesterone does not reduce LH pulse frequency within 12\u00a0h in women with PCOS, but progesterone acutely increased gonadotropin in these women. This study suggested that progesterone\u2010related augmentation of gonadotropin release may be impaired in PCOS compared to normally cycling women, but this finding was not statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T13:49:22Z","timestamp":1649166562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Acute progesterone feedback on gonadotropin secretion is not demonstrably altered in estradiol\u2010pretreated women with polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2530-867X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Reproduction University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Department of Medicine University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Lundgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Reproduction University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Department of Medicine University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James T.","family":"Patrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Burt Solorzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Reproduction University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"McCartney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Reproduction University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Department of Medicine University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.11.3728"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem\u201045\u20104\u2010798"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod54.3.546"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008\u20102606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem\u201047\u20101\u2010119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000336395"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.12.4179"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"4047","article-title":"Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Evidence that flutamide restores sensitivity of the gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone pulse generator to inhibition by estradiol and progesterone","volume":"85","author":"Eagleson C. 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