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We hypothesized that females are resistant to the salt\u2010sensitive hypertension caused by low amounts of dietary fructose compared to males and that the magnitude of the increase in blood pressure (BP) depends, in part, on amplification of the stress response of renal sympathetic nerves. We measured systolic BP (SBP) in rats fed high salt with either no sugar (HS), 20% glucose (GHS) or 20% fructose (FHS) in the drinking water for 7\u20138\u2009days. FHS increased SBP in both males (\u039422\u2009\u00b1\u20099\u2009mmHg; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.046) and females (\u039416\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u2009mmHg; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0007), while neither GHS nor HS alone induced changes in SBP in either sex. The FHS\u2010induced increase in SBP as measured by telemetry in the absence of added stress (8\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u2009mmHg) was significantly lower than that measured by plethysmography (24\u2009\u00b1\u20095\u2009mmHg) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.014). However, when BP was measured by telemetry simulating the stress of plethysmography, the increase in SBP was significantly greater (15\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u2009mmHg) than under low stress (8\u2009\u00b1\u20091\u2009mmHg) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.014). Moderate\u2010stress also increased telemetric diastolic (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.006) and mean BP (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.006) compared to low\u2010stress in FHS\u2010fed animals. Norepinephrine excretion was greater in FHS\u2010fed rats than HS\u2010fed animals (Male: 6.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7 vs.1.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u00a0nmole\/kg\/day; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.02. Female 54\u2009\u00b1\u200918 vs. 1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.02). We conclude that fructose\u2010induced salt\u2010sensitive hypertension is similar in males and females unlike other forms of hypertension, and the increase in blood pressure depends in part on an augmented response of the sympathetic nervous system to stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T07:38:41Z","timestamp":1665041921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Independent effects of sex and stress on fructose\u2010induced salt\u2010sensitive hypertension"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Autumn","family":"Brostek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy J.","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6418-090X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronghao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7517-4636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beau R.","family":"Forester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Barmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6936-7164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey","family":"Kaydo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5561-6844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Kluge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corey","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Garvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3682-0815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agustin","family":"Gonzalez\u2010Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological &amp; 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