{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:42:09Z","timestamp":1790116929835,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21HL111972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HL111972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21HL113717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HL113717"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skeletal muscle may act as a reservoir for N\u2010oxides following inorganic nitrate supplementation. This idea is most intriguing in individuals with peripheral artery disease (PAD) who are unable to endogenously upregulate nitric oxide. This study analyzed plasma and skeletal muscle nitrate and nitrite concentrations along with exercise performance, prior to and following 12\u2010weeks of exercise training combined with oral inorganic nitrate supplementation (EX+BR) or placebo (EX+PL) in participants with PAD. Non\u2010supplemented, at baseline, there were no differences in plasma and muscle nitrate. For nitrite, muscle concentration was higher than plasma (+0.10\u00a0nmol.g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). After 12 \u2010weeks, acute oral nitrate increased both plasma and muscle nitrate (455.04 and 121.14\u2009nmol.g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), which were correlated (r\u00a0=\u00a00.63, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), plasma nitrate increase was greater than in muscle (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Nitrite increased in the plasma (1.01\u2009nmol.g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) but not in the muscle (0.22\u2009nmol.g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 between compartments). Peak walk time (PWT) increased in both groups (PL\u2009+\u2009257.6\u00a0s;BR\u2009+\u2009315.0\u00a0s). Six\u2010minute walk (6\u00a0MW) distance increased only in the (EX+BR) group (BR\u2009+\u200975.4\u00a0m). We report no substantial gradient of nitrate (or nitrite) from skeletal muscle to plasma, suggesting a lack of reservoir\u2010like function in participants with PAD. Oral nitrate supplementation produced increases in skeletal muscle nitrate, but not skeletal muscle nitrite. The related changes in nitrate concentration between plasma and muscle suggests a potential for inter\u2010compartmental nitrate \u201ccommunication\u201d. Skeletal muscle did not appear to play a role in within compartment nitrate reduction. Muscle nitrate and nitrite concentrations did not appear to contribute to exercise performance in patients with PAD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T06:57:56Z","timestamp":1670050676000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Human skeletal muscle nitrate and nitrite in individuals with peripheral arterial disease: Effect of inorganic nitrate supplementation and exercise"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Barbora","family":"Piknova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary N.","family":"Woessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Sport (IHES) Victoria University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquin Ortiz","family":"de Zevallos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Development University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitch D.","family":"VanBruggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan N.","family":"Schechter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5219-4423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason D.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Development University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2018.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.10.840"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Oxidative stress and aging","author":"Dr\u00f6ge W.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X20945794"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800700105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa311"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2018.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2022.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00071.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10520295.2018.1463453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.01.128322"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00430-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2016.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01036.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.643791"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2022.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2021.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/62427-v"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-011-0060-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2015.02.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"The measurement of nitric oxide and its metabolites in biological samples by ozone\u2010based chemiluminescence","volume":"476","author":"Pinder A. 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