{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T15:34:16Z","timestamp":1778600056538,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003193","name":"Ministerstvo \u0161kolstva, vedy, v\u00fdskumu a \u0161portu Slovenskej republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VEGA1\u20100491\u201020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA1\u20100491\u201020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physical activity is associated with many physical and mental health benefits. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 24\u2010month after\u2010school physical activity intervention on body composition in normal\u2010weight children. Participating students (6\u20137\u2009years of age at baseline) were divided by reason of their parental preference to intervention and control groups. Children in the intervention group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u200920; 10 boys and 10 girls) followed an aerobic training program (two 60\u2010min sessions per week), whereas children in the control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u200920; 10 boys and 10 girls) participated in the usual practice. Body composition characteristics were repeatedly measured by means of bioelectrical impedance method. At 2\u2009years, finally, intervention boys had a smaller rise in BMI (mean difference, MD: \u22120.97\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.05), BMI <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score (\u22120.44, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.09), body fat % (BF%) (\u22126.47%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.01), and fat mass index (FMI) (\u22121.32\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001) than controls. In girls, however, the intervention program induced no significant differences (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.9) in the measured variables compared to controls at the final follow\u2010up (MD: \u22120.04\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for BMI and\u2009\u22120.01 for BMI <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score). Changes in BF% and FMI in a positive direction occurred at 18\u2009months (MD: \u22123.38%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.05 and\u2009\u22120.99\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.01, respectively), but did not persist over time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u20090.07). In addition, no significant changes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u20090.07) in the fat\u2010free mass index were associated with the physical activity intervention in either boys or girls. In conclusion, compared to the controls, a long\u2010term physical activity intervention in boys was associated with a significantly smaller rise in BMI and improvement of body composition by reducing both BF % and FMI. In girls, however, this intervention did not result in any statistically significant changes in body composition variables.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T05:09:31Z","timestamp":1672808971000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of after\u2010school physical activity on body composition in primary school children: The Slovak \u201c<scp>PAD<\/scp>\u201d project"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4983-0614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Alberty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Ecology Faculty of Natural Sciences of Matej Bel University  Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5698-5588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"\u010cill\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports Faculty of Arts of Matej Bel University  Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.247"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(02)00469-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physical inactivity: The biggest public health problem of the 21st century","volume":"43","author":"Blair S. N.","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-004-1264-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7244.1240"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212792"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10901981211033234"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0572"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ape.2017.72017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21365"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tp.2019.03.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2016.021212"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Spotlight on adolescent health and well\u2010being. Findings from the 2017\/2018 Health Behaviour in School\u2010aged Children (HBSC) survey in Europe and Canada. International report","author":"Inchley J.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","volume-title":"A practical guide for kids' athletics animators","author":"International Association of Athletics Federations","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2019.1614416"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04278.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"92","volume-title":"Social determinants of schoolchildren's health","author":"Kop\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1 J.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199510000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090186"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.5.1074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001952"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/728762"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e328320d54c"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"12651","article-title":"Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese children from the age of 6 to 11\u2009years","volume":"6","author":"Mead E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31459\/turkjkin.468877"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0663"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13784"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-12-370870-2\/00024-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001307"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46827\/ejphs.v5i1.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/52.6.953"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204560"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803738"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2152-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2003261"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","volume-title":"Gender and socioeconomic differences in young People's health and well\u2010being\u2014Health behaviour in school\u2010aged children (HBSC) study: International report from the 2013\/2014 survey","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","volume-title":"Guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.14814\/phy2.15540","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.14814\/phy2.15540","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.14814\/phy2.15540","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T10:20:01Z","timestamp":1703586001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.14814\/phy2.15540"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.14814\/phy2.15540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.15540","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-817X","2051-817X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2051-817X","type":"print"},{"value":"2051-817X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e15540"}}