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Deficient pancreatic endocrine function, coupled with or without peripheral insulin resistance leads to prolonged hyperglycemia with chronic impairment of glucose homeostasis, most commonly seen in diabetes mellitus. High protein diets (HPDs) are thought to modulate glucose homeostasis through various metabolic pathways. Insulin secretion can be directly modulated by the amino acid products of protein digestion, which activate nutrient receptors and nutrient transporters expressed by the endocrine pancreas. Insulin secretion can also be modulated indirectly, through incretin release from enteroendocrine cells, and via vagal neuronal pathways. Additionally, glucose homeostasis can be promoted by the satiating effects of anorectic hormones released following HPD consumption. This review summarizes the insulinotropic mechanisms by which amino acids and HPDs may influence glucose homeostasis, with a particular focus on their applicability in the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T10:31:04Z","timestamp":1674642664000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["How dietary amino acids and high protein diets influence insulin secretion"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3710-9328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuuki","family":"Yanagisawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2007.0700"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa4570"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.164"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14204"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diaspect.17.3.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030204"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030630"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.21.003.2009\/full"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI78361"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"286","article-title":"Extrinsic primary afferent signalling in the gut","volume":"10","author":"Brookes S. 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