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However, anesthetic agents exert confounding effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), cerebrovascular tone, oxygen demand, and neurotransmitter receptor transduction. Moreover, the majority of studies do not use a blood clot, which more fully models embolic stroke. Here, we developed a blood clot injection model to produce large cerebral artery ischemia in unanesthetized rats. Under isoflurane anesthesia, an indwelling catheter was implanted in the internal carotid artery via a common carotid arteriotomy and preloaded with a 0.38\u2010mm\u2010diameter clot of 1.5, 3, or 6\u00a0cm length. After discontinuing anesthesia, the rat was returned to a home cage where it regained normal mobility, grooming, eating activity, and a stable recovery of MABP. One hour later, the clot was injected over a 10\u2010s period and the rats were observed for 24\u2009h. Clot injection produced a brief period of irritability, then 15\u201320\u2009min of complete inactivity, followed by lethargic activity at 20\u201340\u2009min, ipsilateral deviation of the head and neck at 1\u20132\u00a0h, and limb weakness and circling at 2\u20134\u00a0h. Neurologic deficits, elevated MABP, infarct volume, and increased hemisphere water content varied directly with clot size. Mortality after 6\u2010cm clot injection (53%) was greater than that after 1.5\u2010cm (10%) or 3\u2010cm (20%) injection. Combined non\u2010survivor groups had the greatest MABP, infarct volume, and water content. Among all groups, the pressor response correlated with infarct volume. The coefficient of variation of infarct volume with the 3\u2010cm clot was less than that in published studies with the filament or standard clot models, and therefore may provide stronger statistical power for stroke translational studies. The more severe outcomes from the 6\u2010cm clot model may be useful for the study of malignant stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]],"date-time":"2023-02-18T17:43:38Z","timestamp":1676742218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Embolic occlusion of internal carotid artery in conscious rats: Immediate effects of cerebral ischemia"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Thomas J. 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