{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:06:22Z","timestamp":1787022382536,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004836","name":"Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1052\u201000003B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1052\u201000003B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004836","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001648","name":"European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF21SA0072746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF21SA0072746"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF14CC0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF14CC0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Fatty liver disease has mainly been characterized under fasting conditions. However, as the liver is essential for postprandial homeostasis, identifying postprandial disturbances may be important. Here, we investigated postprandial changes in markers of metabolic dysfunction between healthy individuals, obese individuals with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and patients with cirrhosis. We included individuals with biopsy\u2010proven NAFLD (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u20099, mean age 50\u2009years, mean BMI 35\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , no\/mild fibrosis), cirrhosis with hepatic steatosis (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u200910, age 62\u2009years, BMI 32\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , CHILD A\/B) and healthy controls (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u200910, age 23, BMI 25\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), randomized 1:1 to fasting or standardized mixed meal test (postprandial). None of the patients randomized to mixed meal test had type 2 diabetes (T2D). Peripheral blood was collected for 120\u2009min. After 60\u2009min, a transjugular liver biopsy and liver vein blood was taken. Plasma levels of glucose, insulin, C\u2010peptide, glucagon, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) were measured. Postprandial peak glucose and C\u2010peptide were significantly increased in NAFLD, and cirrhosis compared with healthy. Patients with NAFLD and cirrhosis had hyperglucagonemia as a potential sign of glucagon resistance. FGF21 was increased in NAFLD and cirrhosis independent of sampling from the liver vein versus peripheral blood. Glucagon levels were higher in the liver vein compared with peripheral blood. Patients with NAFLD and cirrhosis without T2D showed impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglucagonemia after a meal compared to healthy individual. Postprandial characterization of patients with NAFLD may be important to capture their metabolic health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T10:50:12Z","timestamp":1681987812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Postprandial dysfunction in fatty liver disease"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Josephine","family":"Grandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastro Unit Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Amager and Hvidovre  Hvidovre Denmark"},{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Sofie H.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastro Unit Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Amager and Hvidovre  Hvidovre Denmark"},{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikkel P.","family":"Werge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastro Unit Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Amager and Hvidovre  Hvidovre Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias B.","family":"Rashu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastro Unit Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Amager and Hvidovre  Hvidovre Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastro Unit Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Amager and Hvidovre  Hvidovre Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders E.","family":"Junker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastro Unit Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Amager and Hvidovre  Hvidovre Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Hobolth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastro Unit Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Amager and Hvidovre  Hvidovre Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastro Unit Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Amager and Hvidovre  Hvidovre Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian D.","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mogens","family":"Vyberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Amager and Hvidovre  Hvidovre Denmark"},{"name":"Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza Rafiolsadat","family":"Serizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Amager and Hvidovre  Hvidovre Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research Copenhagen University Hospital  Hvidovre Denmark"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise Lotte","family":"Gluud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastro Unit Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Amager and Hvidovre  Hvidovre Denmark"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4230-5753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolai J.","family":"Wewer\u00a0Albrechtsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital  Copenhagen 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