{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T09:24:43Z","timestamp":1775640283780,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is a blistering autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies against desmoglein 1 and 3. Treatment options are limited to corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. The myotoxic effect of glucocorticoids is a fact that has been elucidated. So, the development of efficacious treatment approaches to combat muscle wasting is of great importance. Considering the adverse effect of glucocorticoid therapy in pemphigus patients and altered muscle metabolism, this study aimed to investigate the effect of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine supplementation which can be useful in combating muscle\u2010wasting impact of glucocorticoid therapy. In this randomized double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled trial 44 pemphigus patients aged from 30 to 65\u2009years, receiving glucocorticoid therapy were selected to evaluate the suitability of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine (LC) as an anti\u2010wasting substance. Patients were randomly divided into two groups to receive 2\u00a0g\/d <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine or placebo for 8\u2009weeks; serum markers of muscle metabolism (IGF\u20101, creatine kinase, myogenin, myostatin) was evaluated before and after the <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine supplementation. Paired <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\u2010test was used to analyze the differences between variables before and after the intervention. Therefore, the student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test was performed to find any differences in baseline characteristics and dietary intakes between the trial groups. LC intake led to a significant rise in serum IGF\u20101 and a reduction in CK and myostatin levels compared to baseline (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) but there were no significant inter\u2010group differences in IGF\u20101 and CK levels; There was also a significant reduction in myostatin level in LC group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090\/05). Myogenin levels decreased in both LC and placebo groups but the decrease in the placebo group was significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\/008); it means LC prevent the myogenin decreasing trend in the LC group compared to placebo. In conclusion, LC supplementation beneficially changes the level of IGF\u20101 and myostatin and improves muscle metabolism and regeneration in PV patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T15:27:17Z","timestamp":1682004437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["<scp>l<\/scp>\u2010carnitine downregulate the muscle wasting effect of glucocorticoids in pemphigus patient: A randomized double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled study"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0693-4683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeinab","family":"Noormohammadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Arghavani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammadhasan","family":"Javanbakht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Daneshpazhooh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center Department of Dermatology team Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmood","family":"Jalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2010.13513"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1101-1014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2007.00762.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1202111"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071900"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000210192.49210.fc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","unstructured":"Committee I. 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