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Twenty\u2010nine males performed unilateral drop jumps at three drop heights (10, 20, and 30\u2009cm) using only the ankle joint on the sledge apparatus. Ankle joint stiffness, jumping height, and electromyographic activity of the plantar flexor muscles were measured during drop jumps. Active muscle stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius muscle was calculated according to changes in the estimated muscle force and fascicle length during fast stretching at five different angular velocities (100, 200, 300, 500, and 600\u2009deg\u2009s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) after submaximal isometric contractions. Tendon stiffness and elastic energy were measured during ramp and ballistic contractions. Active muscle stiffness was significantly correlated with joint stiffness, except for a few conditions. Tendon stiffness measured during ramp and ballistic contractions was not significantly correlated with joint stiffness. The ratios of electromyographic activity before landing and during the eccentric phase to that during the concentric phase were significantly correlated with joint stiffness. In addition, jumping heights at 10 and 20\u2009cm (except for 30\u2009cm) drop heights were strongly associated with the tendon elastic energy, whereas no other measured variables showed significant correlations with jumping heights. These results suggested that (1) joint stiffness is determined by active muscle stiffness and electromyographic activity patterns during jumping, and (2) jumping height is determined by tendon elastic energy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T02:47:50Z","timestamp":1686192470000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Determinants of joint stiffness and jumping height during drop jump"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Takehiro","family":"Kosaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science The University of Tokyo, Meguro  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Sasajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science The University of Tokyo, Meguro  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science The University of Tokyo, Meguro  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soushi","family":"Mino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science The University of Tokyo, Meguro  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4938-1313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keitaro","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science The University of Tokyo, Meguro  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1984.52.5.797"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.777268"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(99)00133-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(01)00009-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(92)90243-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01305.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200102000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(98)00170-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00656.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117736766"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.80.1.158"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1025752"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199805000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00430.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00334415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-002-0673-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.013459"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Utilization of stored sleastic energy in leg extensor muscles by men and women","volume":"10","author":"Komi P. 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