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The aim of this study was to characterize the acute and adaptive cardiovascular and metabolic effects of two low or no impact therapies in patients with severe lower\u2010limb osteoarthritis: passive heat therapy (Heat) and high\u2010intensity interval training (HIIT) utilizing primarily the unaffected limbs, compared to a control intervention of home\u2010based exercise (Home). Participants completed up to 12\u2009weeks of either Heat (20\u201330\u2009min immersed in 40\u00b0C water followed by ~15\u2010min light resistance exercise), HIIT (6\u20138\u2009\u00d7\u200960\u2010s intervals on a cross\u2010trainer or arm ergometer at ~90\u2013100% peak O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) or Home (~15\u2010min light resistance exercise); all 3 sessions\/week. Reductions in systolic (12 &amp; 10\u2009mm Hg), diastolic (7 &amp; 4\u2009mm Hg), and mean arterial (8 &amp; 6\u2009mm Hg) blood pressure (BP) were observed following one bout of Heat or HIIT exposure, lasting for the duration of the 20\u2010min monitoring period. Across the interventions (i.e., 12\u2009weeks), resting systolic BP and diastolic BP decreased with Heat (\u22129 &amp; \u20104\u2009mm Hg; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and HIIT (\u22127 &amp; \u20103\u2009mm Hg; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.011), but not Home (0 &amp; 0\u2009mm Hg; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.785). The systolic and diastolic BP responses to an acute exposure of Heat or HIIT in the first intervention session were moderately correlated with adaptive responses across the intervention (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.54, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.005). Neither intervention improved indices of glycemic control (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.310). In summary, both Heat and HIIT induced potent immediate and adaptive hypotensive effects, and the acute response was moderately predictive of the long\u2010term response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,10]],"date-time":"2023-06-10T08:00:03Z","timestamp":1686384003000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Acute and adaptive cardiovascular and metabolic effects of passive heat therapy or high\u2010intensity interval training in patients with severe lower\u2010limb osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7178-3239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendon H.","family":"Roxburgh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"},{"name":"School of Physical Education Sport and Exercise Sciences University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"},{"name":"HeartOtago University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly A.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"},{"name":"HeartOtago University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education Sport and Exercise Sciences University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"},{"name":"HeartOtago University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla","family":"Reymann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J. 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