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A force sensor used during a sit\u2010to\u2010stand dCA measure provides an objective moment an individual stands (arise\u2010and\u2010off, AO). We hypothesized that the detection of AO would improve the accuracy of TD compared with estimation. We measured middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) for 60\u2009s sitting followed by 2\u2010min standing, three times separated by 20\u2009min. TD was calculated as the time from: (1) verbal command and (2) AO, until an increase in cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi\u2009=\u2009MCAv\/MAP). Sixty\u2010five participants were enrolled: young adults (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925), older adults (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920), and individuals post\u2010stroke (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920). The TD calculated from AO (\u2009=\u20092.98\u2009\u00b1\u20091.64\u2009s) was shorter than TD estimated from verbal command (\u2009=\u20093.35\u2009\u00b1\u20091.72\u2009s, <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.49, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), improving measurement error by ~17%. TD measurement error was not related to age or stroke. Therefore, the force sensor provided an objective method to improve the calculation of TD compared with current methods. Our data support using a force sensor during sit\u2010to\u2010stand dCA measures in adults across the lifespan and post\u2010stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T01:30:35Z","timestamp":1686619835000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Force sensor reduced measurement error compared with verbal command during sit\u2010to\u2010stand assessment of cerebral autoregulation"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8701-9227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicen A.","family":"Whitaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training University of Kansas Medical Center  Kansas City Kansas USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Center Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5181-7131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric D.","family":"Vidoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center  Fairway Kansas USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center  Kansas City Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1423-0590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert N.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics &amp; Data Science University of Kansas Medical Center  Kansas City Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kailee","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training University of Kansas Medical Center  Kansas City Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katelyn","family":"Struckle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training University of Kansas Medical Center  Kansas City Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1618-7207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra A.","family":"Billinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center  Fairway Kansas USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center  Kansas City Kansas USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Kansas Medical Center  Kansas City Kansas USA"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Physiology University of Kansas Medical Center  Kansas City Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.20.1.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20732"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00331.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-018-3964-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00316.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14549"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00995.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.3324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14367"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deegan B. 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