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Ten healthy males immersed their left lower leg in water of different temperatures (cold: 0\u00b0C, neutral: 32\u201335\u00b0C, hot: ~43\u00b0C) for 20\u2009min each. In each temperature condition, they performed submaximal (10%\u201350% of maximal voluntary contraction torque measured before water immersion) and maximal plantar flexions. Immediately after each voluntary contraction, twitch contractions were evoked with supramaximal stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve. The magnitude of twitch potentiation, defined as a percent increase in twitch torque following a voluntary contraction, increased with the intensity of the preceding voluntary contraction. The magnitude of twitch potentiation after the maximal voluntary contraction was smaller in Cold than in the other temperature conditions. However, temperature had no influence on the relative magnitude of twitch potentiation following the submaximal contractions. In addition, there was no difference in electromyographic activity between the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in any temperature conditions. Collectively, the temperature dependence was not observed when using twitch potentiation or electromyographic amplitude as an indicator of fast\u2010twitch fiber activation during brief submaximal voluntary contractions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T00:58:46Z","timestamp":1692925126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Influence of temperature on twitch potentiation following submaximal voluntary contractions in human plantar flexor muscles"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6145-8566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Ota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6709-8581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazushige","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-5918-5-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880180605"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2009.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1974.sp010473"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.242073"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.6.2457"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(00)00015-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-005-1336-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015403"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23627"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2171179a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195219"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1994.20.2.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.1.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02334074"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-005-1384-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-016-3438-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y00-107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.6.2131"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201X.2003.01121.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(00)00027-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2010.02233.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","unstructured":"Iseki R.(2023).Anovakun. 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