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PCLS were maintained ex\u00a0vivo for up to a week and demonstrated health via the presence of neurons, maintenance of tissue morphology, synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, and minimal cell death. Multiple phenotypes of neuronal fibers were present in lung slices with varied size, caliber, and neurotransmitter immunoreactivity. Of the neuropeptides present in fibers, calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide (CGRP) was the most prevalent. Exposing PCLS to recombinant CGRP resulted in the proliferation and dispersion of CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells in slices taken selectively from females. The number of granules containing immunoreactive (ir) surfactant protein C (SPC), which are representative of alveolar type 2 cells, increased in slices from females within 24\u2009h of exposure to CGRP. Additionally, ir\u2010SPC granule size increased in slices from males and females across 48\u2009h of exposure to CGRP. Exposure of PCLS to exogenous CGRP did not alter the number of solitary pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC) but did result in neuroendocrine bodies that had significantly more cells. Neuronal fiber numbers were unchanged based on ir\u2010peripherin; however, ir\u2010CGRP became non\u2010detectable in fibers while unchanged in PNECs. The effects of exogenous CGRP provide insight into innate immune and neuroendocrine responses in the lungs that may be partially regulated by neural fibers. The sex\u2010dependent nature of these changes may point to the basis for sex\u2010selective outcomes among respiratory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]],"date-time":"2023-11-25T00:11:00Z","timestamp":1700871060000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neuropeptide stimulation of physiological and immunological responses in precision\u2010cut lung slices"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Patlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Schwerdtfeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Harvard Medical School and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1615-7331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Tobet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02681-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-018-0846-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201512-2379ED"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2008.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.336135506"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12591"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2019.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad7969"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00925"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2007.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00174.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01806"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01902148209069653"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2004.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1372-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0807-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0074-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00483.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11534920-000000000-00000"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"240","article-title":"Inflammatory mechanism of hippocampal tissue injury induced by PM(2.5) in nasal drip in mice","volume":"36","author":"Fang Z.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00084-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2018.03.010"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"263","article-title":"The proliferation\u2010promoting effects of calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide on type II alveolar epithelial cell exposed to hyperoxia mediated by protein kinase C alpha pathway","volume":"22","author":"Fu H. 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