{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:28:44Z","timestamp":1787740124269,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010COVID patients present with a decline in physical fitness. The aim of this study is to reveal the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on physical fitness, quality of life (QoL), and parameters of quantified thorax CT. Long\u2010COVID patients enrolled in a 3\u2010month PR program were retrospectively studied. PR included endurance and resistance training three times a week. Assessments pre\u2010 and post\u2010rehabilitation included quantified chest CT, pulmonary function tests (PFT), six\u2010minute walk test (6MWT), cardiopulmonary exercise test, and questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, post\u2010COVID\u201019 Functional Status scale, Borg score, and EuroQol. Seventeen subjects (5M\/12F), mean age 42\u2009\u00b1\u200913\u2009years, were included. PR improved all questionnaires' results significantly. Only significant difference in PFT parameters was correlation between baseline total lung capacity (TLC) and difference in TLC pre\u2010 and post\u2010rehabilitation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002). 6MWT increased from 329 to 365\u2009m (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), VO2max changed from 21 to 24\u2009mL\/kg\/min (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007), peak load increased from 116 to 141\u2009Watt (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Blood volume in small pulmonary vessels of 1.25 to 5\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in cross\u2010sectional area (BV5%) was higher than observed in patients with acute COVID\u201019 infection. After rehabilitation, BV5% decreased from 65% to 62% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.020). These changes correlated directly with changes in TLC (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.039). Quantified CT airway volume increased after rehabilitation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013). After rehabilitation, TLC tended to normalize due to (re)opening of small airways, with decline in air trapping and recruitment of alveoli. Furthermore, this study revealed that pulmonary rehabilitation can improve QoL and physical fitness in long\u2010COVID patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T01:50:24Z","timestamp":1706752224000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Personalized pulmonary rehabilitation program for patients with post\u2010acute sequelae of COVID\u201019: A proof\u2010of\u2010concept retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1418-8695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendel","family":"Dierckx","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Innovation in Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Medical Centre MedImprove BV  Kontich Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfried","family":"De\u00a0Backer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Medical Centre MedImprove BV  Kontich Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"FLUIDDA NV  Kontich Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinka","family":"De\u00a0Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Medical Centre MedImprove BV  Kontich Belgium"},{"name":"Clinical Operations FLUIDDA NV  Kontich Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eline","family":"Lauwers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Clinical Operations FLUIDDA NV  Kontich Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Franck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Innovation in Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"De\u00a0Backer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FLUIDDA Inc.  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kris","family":"Ides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Medical Centre MedImprove BV  Kontich Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"CoSys Research Lab, Faculty of Applied Engineering University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Flanders Make Strategic Research Centre  Lommel Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Antwerp University Hospital  Edegem Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10122591"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2021-001136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.212170"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2020.1783198"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Physical and psychological reconditioning in long COVID syndrome: Results of an out\u2010of\u2010hospital exercise and psychological\u2010based rehabilitation program","volume":"1","author":"Compagno S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"IJC Heart & Vasculature"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000863"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00072511"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15754"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00458.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-021-01696-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095185"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.750378"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.03.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2022.0141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01494-2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2020.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95565-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20053985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-022-01167-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000522118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"COVID\u201019 pandemic: From origins to outcomes. 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