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Compared to voluntary wheel running, forced exercise training enables precise control of exercise workload and volume, and results in superior changes in cardiovascular performance. However, the use of a shock grid with treadmill\u2010based training is associated with stress and risk of injury, and declining compliance with longer periods of training time for many mouse strains. With these limitations in mind, we designed a novel, high\u2010intensity interval training modality (HIIT) for mice that is carried out on a rotarod. Abbreviated as RotaHIIT, this protocol establishes interval workload intensities that are not time or resource intensive, maintains excellent training compliance over time, and results in improved exercise capacity independent of sex when measured by treadmill graded exercise testing (GXT) and rotarod specific acceleration and endurance testing. This protocol may therefore be useful and easily implemented for a broad range of research investigations. As RotaHIIT training was not associated cardiac structural or functional changes, or changes in oxidative capacity in cardiac or skeletal muscle tissue, further studies will be needed to define the physiological adaptations and molecular transducers that are driving the training effect of this exercise modality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T02:14:57Z","timestamp":1714702497000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High\u2010intensity exercise training using a rotarod instrument (RotaHIIT)\u00a0significantly improves exercise capacity in mice"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jonathan J.","family":"Herrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular &amp; Integrative Physiology University of Michigan Medical School  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Medical Scientist Training Program University of Michigan Medical School  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"McAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Szczesniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Michigan Medical School  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rose\u2010Carmel","family":"Goddard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Michigan Medical School  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9802-7188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharlene M.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.1734914.457"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263457"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00038.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"xPharm: The comprehensive pharmacology reference","author":"Bylund D. 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