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In this study involving adult female Sprague\u2013Dawley rats, the animals were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (CON), hindlimb unloading (HU), NA, and HU with NA supplementation (HU\u2009+\u2009NA). For a period of 2\u2009weeks, the rats in the HU and HU\u2009+\u2009NA groups underwent HU, while those in the NA and HU\u2009+\u2009NA groups received NA (750\u2009mg\/kg) twice daily through oral administration. The results demonstrated that HU lowered capillary number, luminal diameter, and capillary volume, as well as decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity, slow fiber composition, and PGC\u20101\u03b1 expression within the soleus muscle. However, NA supplementation prevented these alterations in capillary structure due to unloading by stimulating PGC\u20101\u03b1 factors and inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, NA supplementation could serve as a potential therapeutic approach for preserving the capillary network and mitochondrial metabolism of muscle fibers during periods of inactivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.16019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T02:24:55Z","timestamp":1713320695000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Niacin supplementation attenuates the regression of three\u2010dimensional capillary architecture in unloaded female rat skeletal muscle"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5217-2405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Science Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences  Kobe 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