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Ninety\u2010three volunteers (age 59\u201379\u2009years) were randomly allocated to sedentary control with placebo (Sed\u2009+\u2009PL) or chicken meat (Sed\u2009+\u2009HP) and resistance training with placebo (RT\u2009+\u2009PL) or chicken meat (RT\u2009+\u2009HP). Resistance training sessions were performed 3 d\/week for 12\u2009weeks using leg extensions and curls. Boiled chicken meat (110\u2009g, containing 22.5\u2009g protein) was ingested 3 d\/week for 12\u2009weeks. Maximal muscle strength and whole\u2010body lean mass increased significantly in the RT\u2009+\u2009PL group compared to the Sed\u2009+\u2009HP group, and the RT\u2009+\u2009HP group showed a significantly greater increase than the Sed\u2009+\u2009HP and RT\u2009+\u2009PL groups. Additionally, the gut microbiota composition did not change before or after the interventions in any of the four groups. Moreover, the individual comparison of gut bacteria using false discovery rate\u2010based statistical analysis showed no alterations before or after the interventions in the four groups. Resistance training combined with chicken meat intake may effective have increased muscle mass and strength without drastically modifying the gut microbiota composition in elderly women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.16100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T10:14:11Z","timestamp":1718705651000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of resistance training and chicken meat on muscle strength and mass and the gut microbiome of older women: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8670-2953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masataka","family":"Uchida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University  Kusatsu 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and Health Science Ritsumeikan University  Kusatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences Chukyo University  Toyota Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Sanada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University  Kusatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University  Kusatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Mizuguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health 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