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However, specific immunological effects of unique BDG structures on pulmonary inflammation are understudied. We characterized the effect of four unique fungal BDGs with unique branching patterns, solubility, and molecular weights in murine airways. Scleroglucan (1\u2009\u2192\u20093)(1\u2009\u2192\u20096)\u2010highly branched BDG, laminarin (1\u2009\u2192\u20093)(1\u2009\u2192\u20096)\u2010branched BDG, curdlan (1\u2009\u2192\u20093)\u2010linear BDG, and pustulan (1\u2009\u2192\u20096)\u2010linear BDG were assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Each BDG was tested by inhalation model with C3HeB\/FeJ mice and compared to saline\u2010exposed control mice and unexposed sentinels (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093\u201319). Studies were performed \u00b1heat\u2010inactivation (1 h autoclave) to increase BDG solubility. Outcomes included bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) differential cell counts (macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils), cytokines, serum IgE, and IgG2a (multiplex and ELISA). Ex\u00a0vivo primary cells removed from lungs and plated at monolayer were stimulated (BDG, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), anti\u2010CD3), and cytokines compared to unstimulated cells. Right lung histology was performed. Inhalation of BDGs with distinct branching patterns exhibited varying inflammatory potency and immunogenicity. Lichen\u2010derived (1\u2009\u2192\u20096)\u2010linear pustulan was the most pro\u2010inflammatory BDG, increasing inflammatory infiltrate (BAL), serum IgE and IgG2a, and cytokine production. Primed lung cells responded to secondary LPS stimulation with a T\u2010cell\u2010specific response to pustulan. Glucan source and solubility should be considered in exposure and toxicological studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.16115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T04:19:12Z","timestamp":1719202752000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exposure to structurally unique \u03b2\u2010<scp>d<\/scp>\u2010glucans differentially affects inflammatory responses in male mouse lungs"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nervana","family":"Metwali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health College of Public Health, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4565-094X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma M.","family":"Stapleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzana","family":"Hadina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health College of Public Health, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5045-0929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter S.","family":"Thorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health College of Public Health, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1471\u20104892(03)00040\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.63.5.473"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Gene\u2010environment and gene\u2010gene interaction studies in the molecular genetic analysis of asthma and atopy","volume":"29","author":"Barnes K. 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