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Also, smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients have a greater incidence of muscle injury and a deficient myogenic response. However, the effects of smoke exposure on the recovery from eccentric exercise\u2010induced muscle injuries are unknown. Mice were exposed daily to cigarette smoke (CS) or room air (Air) for 4\u2009months; the anterior crural muscles from one limb were injured by a lengthening contractions protocol (LCP) and recovered for 7\u2009days. Lung compliance was greater, and body weights were lower, in CS\u2010exposed than in the Air group. In LCP\u2010subjected limbs, CS exposure lowered <jats:italic>tibialis anterior<\/jats:italic> myofiber cross\u2010sectional area, decreased the size of centrally nucleated myofibers, and decreased <jats:italic>extensor digitorum longus<\/jats:italic> (EDL) mass, but did not affect EDL force from both limbs. CS exposure upregulated the mRNA levels of several myogenic (<jats:italic>Pax7, Myf5, nNOS<\/jats:italic>) genes in the EDL. The combination of CS exposure and LCP decreased <jats:italic>Myf5<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>nNOS<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels and exacerbated pro\u2010inflammatory mRNA levels. These data suggest that smoke exposure leads to an excessive pro\u2010inflammatory response in regenerating muscle that is associated with a lower muscle mass recovery from a type of injury that often occurs during strenuous exercise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T09:04:11Z","timestamp":1727427851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cigarette smoke exposure impairs early\u2010stage recovery from lengthening contraction\u2010induced muscle injury in male mice"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nicole E.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mafalda","family":"Loreti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Development, Aging and Regeneration Program Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Ramirez\u2010Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe C. 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