{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:13:31Z","timestamp":1790349211429,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Normotensive African Americans (AAs) show attenuated vascular responses and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability compared to European Americans (EAs). Few studies have used diverse measures to examine differences in macrovascular function and structure in individuals with a family history of CV disease (CVD). We assessed 150 AAs (M<jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>, 23.57\u2009\u00b1\u20092.73\u2009yr) and 104 EAs (Mage, 22.70\u2009\u00b1\u20092.86) with a confirmed family history of CVD. Age, sex, body mass index, and father's education were used as covariates, hemodynamic measures (heart\u2010rate [HR], stroke volume [SV], cardiac output [CO], total peripheral resistance [TPR], mean arterial pressure [MAP], systolic and diastolic blood pressure [SBP\/DBP], and pulse pressure [PP]), high\u2010frequency heart\u2010rate variability [HF\u2010HRV], and endothelial\u2010dependent arterial dilation [EDAD] were the dependent variables. AA's had lower EDAD (11.64 vs. 13.20%) and higher HF\u2010HRV (7.31 vs. 7.11\u2009ms<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), TPR (17.60 vs. 15.93\u2009mmHg\/L\/min), TPI (33.72 vs. 30.09\u2009mmHg\/L\/min\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), MAP (83.60 vs. 78.36\u2009mmHg), SBP (115.44 vs. 110.23\u2009mmHg), and DBP (65.35 vs. 60.57\u2009mmHg). Lower EDAD alongside no ethnic differences in PP, HR, or SV suggests early onset endothelial dysfunction (lower NO availability) rather than inherited pathophysiological structural characteristics (arterial stiffness) in AAs. Future prospective studies are needed and should consider measures of sympathetic activity and potential moderators, including discrimination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T14:48:54Z","timestamp":1743346134000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["African Americans with a family history of cardiovascular disease show lower endothelial\u2010dependent vasodilation"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9385-3421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian F.","family":"Thayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2296-6079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darcianne K.","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Ecology University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Birenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Jarczok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Ulm University Medical Center  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3122-7510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"DeWayne P.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaston K.","family":"Kapuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute Augusta University  Augusta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PGEN.1000564"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.105.1.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471725153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M108789200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(00)95580\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895\u20107061(00)00228\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000820"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872\u2010200502000\u201000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735\u20101097(02)02015\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735\u20101097(97)00189\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140\u20106736(92)93147\u2010F"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13699"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.28.1.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.167015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","volume-title":"Textbook of medical physiology","author":"Guyton A. C.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00015385.2020.1871262"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000133"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08037051.2021.1876517"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/EUROPACE\/EUS341"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10554\u2010010\u20109616\u20101\/TABLES\/2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.5.1314\/ASSET\/595D252D\u2010B752\u20104CC5\u2010851A\u2010621E91A91079\/ASSETS\/GRAPHIC\/HC0550321006.JPEG"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009\u20109236(99)70135\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/S\u20100042\u2010119203\/ID\/R5524\u20100018\/BIB"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15436\/2378\u20106841.19.2039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324796ABM2404_08"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441\u2010200406000\u201000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JPHYSIOL.2007.145722"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.10.1370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1524\u20106175.2005.04134.X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.135541\/ASSET\/055B404B\u2010277D\u2010465F\u20109C9B\u201002DA75E1C68C\/ASSETS\/GRAPHIC\/13FF1.JPEG"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0000000000000308"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/EURHEARTJ\/EHL254"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002\u20109149(96)00597\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00035.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/QJMED\/95.2.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872\u2010199312000\u201000016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ARTRES.2009.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.88.2.145\/ASSET\/7EF9E713\u2010D937\u20104890\u201088C4\u2010BBE465FE5FE4\/ASSETS\/GRAPHIC\/HH0211401006.JPEG"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.291.17.2107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.619171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0044\u20103409.217.1.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/AJPHEART.1986.250.6.H1145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874192401004010302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.1990.tb02171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02755"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872\u2010200209000\u201000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751\u20107176.2010.00269.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08964289.1994.9934628"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hy1001.095773"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00023.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahjo.2024.100403"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/AJPHEART.00631.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/HEARTJNL\u20102019\u2010314707"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2007.05.009"}],"container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.14814\/phy2.70176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T09:48:38Z","timestamp":1755078518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.14814\/phy2.70176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.14814\/phy2.70176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.70176","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-817X","2051-817X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2051-817X","type":"print"},{"value":"2051-817X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70176"}}