{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:31:23Z","timestamp":1791419483971,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007323","name":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Sportwissenschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZMI4\u2010072001\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZMI4\u2010072001\/23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aim was to evaluate alterations of the non\u2010linear short\u2010term scaling exponent alpha1 of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFAa1) of heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) as a sensitive marker for assessing global physiological demands during multiple running intervals. As a secondary analysis, agreement of ECG\u2010derived respiratory frequency (EDR) compared to respiratory frequency (RF) derived from the metabolic cart was evaluated with the same chest belt device. Fifteen trained female and male long\u2010distance runners completed four running bouts over 5\u2009min on a treadmill at marathon pace. During the last 3\u2009min of each bout gas exchange data and a single\u2010channel ECG for the determination of HR, DFAa1 of HRV, EDR and RF were analyzed. Additionally, blood lactate concentration (BLC) was determined and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was requested. DFAa1, oxygen consumption, BLC, and RPE showed stable behaviors comparing the running intervals. Only HR (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.17) and RF (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.20) indicated slight increases with small effect sizes. In addition, results point towards inter\u2010individual differences in all internal load metrics. The comparison of EDR with RF during running revealed high correlations (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.80, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, ICC<jats:sub>3,1<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.87) and low mean differences (1.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4 breaths\/min), but rather large limits of agreement with 10.4 to \u22126.8 breaths\/min. Results show the necessity of EDR methodology improvement before being used in a wide range of individuals and sports applications. Relationship of DFAa1 to other internal load metrics, including RF, in quasi\u2010steady\u2010state conditions bears the potential for further evaluation of exercise prescription and may enlighten decoupling mechanisms during prolonged exercise bouts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T12:08:28Z","timestamp":1738670908000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Correlation properties and respiratory frequency of <scp>ECG<\/scp>\u2010derived heart rate variability during multiple race\u2010pace running intervals in female and male long\u2010distance runners"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5610-6013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Gronwald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine MSH Medical School Hamburg  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"G\u2010Lab, Faculty of Applied Sport Sciences and Personality BSP Business and Law School  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelle","family":"Schaffarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine MSH Medical School Hamburg  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0032-9936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Fohrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine MSH Medical School Hamburg  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Hoos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sports and Physical Education, Faculty of Human Sciences Julius\u2010Maximilians\u2010University Wuerzburg  Wuerzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Hollander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine MSH Medical School Hamburg  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02344884"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2013.2242328"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00456"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2024.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029900800204"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-022-00538-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"614","article-title":"Biostatistics 104: Correlational analysis","volume":"44","author":"Chan Y. H.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Singapore Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00339.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the Behavioural sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"339","article-title":"The human respiratory gate","volume":"548","author":"Eckberg D. L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","unstructured":"Fohrmann D. Schaffarczyk M. Menge C. Willwacher S. Gronwald T. &Hollander K.(2024).Biomechanical factors associated with changes in running economy in long\u2010distance runners using advanced footwear technology. In review."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.668812"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12697"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00999"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.12175"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2018.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.550572"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2021.557"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk5030048"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-097X.2003.00499.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"1077","article-title":"Physiology and fast marathons: Interpersonal synchronization in pacing strategies and locomotor\u2010respiratory and \u2010cardiac coupling as potential factors influencing marathon running performance","volume":"128","author":"Hottenrott L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010020\u201001322\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6107(03)00022-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03091902.2019.1640306"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","unstructured":"Lipponen J. A. &Tarvainen M. P.(2021).Accuracy of Kubios HRV software respiratory rate estimation algorithms. White paper accessed on April 24th 2024.https:\/\/www.kubios.com\/downloads\/RESP_white_paper.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2009.05288.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2022.2047228"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01459-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP090878"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00922"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20216396"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-05077-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.75.4.1815"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010024\u201005631\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168321"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0536"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.166141"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-38200"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1996.76.1.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.596567"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk6020038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.879071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14956"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22052032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197156"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2006.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-022-00596-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-05050-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0136"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2024-0012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1329360"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01680-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","unstructured":"Spiriev B.(2022).World Athletics Scoring Tables of Athletics. World Athletics.https:\/\/worldathletics.org\/news\/news\/scoring\u2010tables\u20102022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","volume-title":"The big running book: Everything you need to know about running","author":"Steffny H.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01054-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP274596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-023-09599-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2023.2277034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14020090"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.271858"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001612"}],"container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.14814\/phy2.70177","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T09:39:01Z","timestamp":1754905141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.14814\/phy2.70177"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.14814\/phy2.70177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.70177","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-817X","2051-817X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2051-817X","type":"print"},{"value":"2051-817X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70177"}}