{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:55:53Z","timestamp":1784566553808,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated whether a commercial bi\u2010level positive airway pressure (BPAP) device, would improve peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) during recreational aviation up to 12,500\u2009feet without supplemental oxygen. Ten adults with recreational flight experience (age:47\u2009\u00b1\u200914; female\u2009=\u20095) completed a standardized flight profile in an unpressurised aircraft, involving randomized crossover design at 8,000\u2009feet and 12,500\u2009feet with BPAP or control. SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and relative tidal volume (TV) index were measured continuously. Psychomotor vigilance test (3\u2010min) assessed reaction time halfway through taxi and altitude stages. Altitude significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) decreased mean SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, MCAv, and RR, and increased TV index and HR. There was no effect of altitude (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05) on reaction time. BPAP increased mean SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at 8,000\u2009feet [Control: 92\u2009\u00b1\u20091%; BPAP: 94\u2009\u00b1\u20092%; mean difference (MD)\u2009=\u20092\u2009\u00b1\u20092%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002] and 12,500\u2009feet [Control: 86\u2009\u00b1\u20094%; BPAP: 89\u2009\u00b1\u20094%; MD\u2009=\u20092\u2009\u00b1\u20093%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013]. BPAP lowered MCAv at 8,000\u2009feet [Control: 53\u2009\u00b1\u200910\u2009cm\/s; BPAP: 50\u2009\u00b1\u20099\u2009cm\/s; MD\u2009=\u2009\u20103\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u2009cm\/s; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001] and 12,500\u2009feet [Control: 52\u2009\u00b1\u200910\u2009cm\/s; BPAP: 50\u2009\u00b1\u20098\u2009cm\/s; MD\u2009=\u2009\u20102\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u2009cm\/s; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.041]. BPAP increased TV index at 8,000\u2009feet (Control: 6.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3; BPAP:8.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8; MD\u2009=\u20091.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) but not 12,500\u2009feet, without effect on RR or reaction time. This study provides preliminary results that BPAP may improve mean SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> for recreational aviators up to 12,500\u2009feet without supplemental oxygen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:53:46Z","timestamp":1738716826000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Positive pressure ventilation improves oxygen saturation at altitude during recreational aviation: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0073-2714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenna L.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Integrative and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory for Science and Exercise (PULSE) School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aidan K.","family":"Downs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Integrative and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal L.","family":"Danner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MercyOne North Iowa Medical Center  Mason City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"J. Hunter","family":"Downs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Integrative and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Donkor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Integrative and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica I.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Integrative and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Rozendaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PlaneLease LCC  Mason City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MercyOne North Iowa Medical Center  Mason City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce D.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Integrative and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas T.","family":"Summerfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MercyOne North Iowa Medical Center  Mason City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.91008.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085671"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2013.1138"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.06.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"290","article-title":"Studies on positive pressure respiration; general aspects and types of pressure breathing; effects on respiration and circulation at sea level","volume":"17","author":"Barach A. 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