{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:06:58Z","timestamp":1792120018181,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>During systemic stress, syndecan\u20101 (SDC\u20101) shedding into plasma results, implying endothelial damage. RBT\u20101, a \u201cpreconditioning\u201d agent, has been shown to mitigate postoperative complications following cardiac surgeries. This study assessed whether RBT\u20101 preconditioning attenuated SDC\u20101 shedding in these patients, implying a vascular protective effect. Patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>, 112) were randomized to receive low\u2010dose RBT\u20101, high\u2010dose RBT\u20101, or placebo 24\u201348\u2009h prior to surgery. Plasma samples were obtained before and 2\u2009days postsurgery and assayed for SDC\u20101 (ELISA). To gain further insights, male CD\u20101 mice were subjected to acute renal injuries, and RBT\u20101's impact on plasma SDC\u20101 increases, vascular\/aortic stress responses (NGAL\/KIM\u20101\/IL\u20106 gene induction), and two vascular cytoprotective pathways (Nrf2; ferritin) were assessed. Baseline plasma SDC\u20101 levels did not differ between patient groups. The placebo group developed an approximate 50% plasma SDC\u20101 (ng\/mL) increase (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>, 0.012). Conversely, no significant SDC\u20101 increases were seen in the RBT\u20101 treatment groups. Experimental injury markedly increased plasma SDC\u20101 concentrations, and these were significantly blunted by RBT\u20101 preconditioning. RBT\u20101 also mitigated AKI\u2010induced aortic NGAL\/KIM\u20101\/IL\u20106 mRNA increases, activated aortic Nrf2, and increased vascular ferritin levels. RBT\u20101 preconditioning diminishes SDC\u20101 release and upregulates vascular ferritin and Nrf2. Hence, RBT\u20101 preconditioning can confer select vasoprotective effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T01:00:46Z","timestamp":1738717246000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<scp>RBT<\/scp>\u20101, a \u201cpreconditioning\u201d agent, mitigates syndecan\u20101 shedding in patients undergoing \u201con pump\u201d cardiac surgery and following experimental <scp>AKI<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ali C. 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