{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T01:05:38Z","timestamp":1767920738489,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The dispersion of the tidal volume and of the breathing frequency have been used to diagnose dysfunctional breathing during cardio\u2010pulmonary exercise testing. No validated methods to objectively describe this dispersion exist. We aimed to validate such a method. We used simulations based on real\u2010life parameters. Moving standard deviation (MSD) and residuals from locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) were evaluated. The precision and the bias of each tested method at rest and during exercise simulations, with and without sighs, were measured. For LOESS, a 2nd degree polynomial was used, and different spans were tested (LOESS<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, LOESS<jats:sub>0.75<\/jats:sub>, and LOESS<jats:sub>0.5<\/jats:sub>). For MSD, different number of points used for the calculation were tested (MSD<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>, MSD<jats:sub>11<\/jats:sub>, MSD<jats:sub>15<\/jats:sub>, and MSD19). The LOESS method was globally more precise, had less bias, and was less influenced by the trend as compared to MSD in almost all simulations except for extremely low dispersion combined with extreme trends. LOESS<jats:sub>0.75<\/jats:sub> had intermediate bias and precision between LOESS<jats:sub>0.5<\/jats:sub> and LOESS<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> in all simulations. LOESS<jats:sub>0.75<\/jats:sub> is a method that combines high precision, low bias, and low influenceability of trends. It could be considered as the method of choice to evaluate the dispersion of breathing parameters during cardiopulmonary exercise testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T09:26:23Z","timestamp":1741771583000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparing methods to measure the dispersion of breathing parameters during exercise testing: A simulation study based on real\u2010life parameters from patients with dysfunctional breathing"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6965-0480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e9on","family":"Genecand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pneumologie, D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Gen\u00e8ve  Gen\u00e8ve Switzerland"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Universit\u00e9 de Gen\u00e8ve  Gen\u00e8ve Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Jaksic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Clinique H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Gen\u00e8ve  Gen\u00e8ve Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Desponds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Math\u00e9matique Universit\u00e9 de Gen\u00e8ve  Gen\u00e8ve Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00ebtan","family":"Simian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Math\u00e9matique Universit\u00e9 de Gen\u00e8ve  Gen\u00e8ve Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pneumologie, D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Gen\u00e8ve  Gen\u00e8ve Switzerland"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Universit\u00e9 de Gen\u00e8ve  Gen\u00e8ve Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Thorens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Universit\u00e9 de Gen\u00e8ve  Gen\u00e8ve Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Altarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pneumologie H\u00f4pital du Valais, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand  Sion Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Fr\u00e9sard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pneumologie H\u00f4pital du Valais, Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand  Sion Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chlo\u00e9","family":"Cantero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de 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Publique \u2010 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP\u2010HP), Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, FHU Andr\u00e9 Cournand, ERN\u2010LUNG, Bic\u00eatre Hospital  Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierantonio","family":"Laveneziana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP\u2010HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP\u2010Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, H\u00f4pitaux Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Saint\u2010Antoine et Tenon, Service Des Explorations Fonctionnelles de la Respiration, de l'Exercice et de la Dyspn\u00e9e (D\u00e9partement R3S)  Paris France"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique  Paris France"},{"name":"AP\u2010HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP\u2010Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re  Paris 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