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The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of rosmarinic acid (Ros) on the ovarian histo\u2010stereology, the level of reproductive hormones, and inflammation in a rat model of PCOS. Fifteen adult <jats:italic>Sprague Dawley<\/jats:italic> rats were randomly divided into three groups, including controls, PCOS, and PCOS+Ros (receiving 25\u2009mg\/kg of Ros for 39\u2009days). After treatments, the ovarian histo\u2010stereology, the level of reproductive hormones, and the level of inflammatory markers were analyzed. PCOS led to increased ovarian weight and volume, cortical and medullary expansion, reduced ovarian follicles, and enhanced follicular atresia. It also caused hormonal imbalances, elevating LH, FSH, and testosterone while decreasing estradiol, progesterone, and AMH. Additionally, PCOS increased pro\u2010inflammatory markers (TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106) and decreased anti\u2010inflammatory markers (IL\u20104 and IL\u201010). However, Ros administration in PCOS animals improved ovarian structure, increased follicle numbers, reduced atresia, balanced reproductive hormones, and restored inflammatory markers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value &lt;0.05). The present findings may suggest Ros as a novel strategy for the management of PCOS, although further studies are necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T01:24:22Z","timestamp":1743729862000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigating the effects of rosmarinic acid on ovarian tissue, inflammatory markers, and sex hormones in polycystic ovary syndrome rats"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sina","family":"Vakili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infertility Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Koohpeyma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Science  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Samare\u2010Najaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Transfusion Research Center High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahia","family":"Namavar Jahromi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infertility Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Department of OB GYN, Division of Infertility &amp; 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