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The aims of this study were to demonstrate the delay in rat colonic transit (CT) caused by loperamide, a peripheral \u03bc\u2010opioid receptor agonist, and to evaluate the effect of EA at ST\u201036 on the autonomic nervous system. To measure CT, the operation had been demonstrated for setting the cannula into the cecum to connect the proximal colon. On the fifth day after surgery, 20 metal radiopaque markers were administered to the proximal colon and visible throughout the gastrointestinal tract via soft X\u2010ray immediately after the administration of markers up to 240\u2009min. The OIC model was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of loperamide twice a day for 3\u2009days, and EA at ST\u201036 was performed before measurement. The delay in CT caused by loperamide was significantly improved with EA, which was abolished by atropine. CT delay was significantly accelerated by \u03b1\u2010adrenoceptor antagonists and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. This study showed that EA has the potential to be effective for OIC, and that the autonomic nervous system is involved in its mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T12:35:20Z","timestamp":1760445320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Autonomic effects of electroacupuncture in opioid\u2010induced constipation in male rats"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4681-8524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Misaki","family":"Okada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Meiji University of Integrative Medicine  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Acupuncture Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care  Takarazuka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Meiji University of Integrative Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kitakoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care  Takarazuka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Faculty of Health Science Teikyo Heisei University  Toshimaku Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.23.040183.001431"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306\u20104522(97)00227\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2008\/11\/S105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0185(20010101)262:1<58::AID-AR1011>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12417"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2016_116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13298"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S324193"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1540\/jsmr.59.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2007.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00068.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620\u2010006\u20109083\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00254.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42826\u2010019\u20100009\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00184.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1038945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M15\u20103118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2018.1322"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2020.102760"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2021.01.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1424936"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003\u2010021\u201002485\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107793.2001.00465.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743\u20103150.2004.00553.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","first-page":"1347","article-title":"Management of common opioid\u2010induced adverse effects","volume":"74","author":"Swegle J. 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