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This study aimed to determine the sex differences in CSI\u2010induced muscle atrophy using male and female C57BL\/6J mice. 12\u2010week\u2010old mice were divided into peptidoglycan\u2010polysaccharide (PG\u2010PS) (each sex, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099) and control groups (each sex, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910). In the ovariectomy (OVX) study, 8\u2010week\u2010old female C57BL\/6J mice were divided into sham, OVX\u2009+\u2009Saline, and OVX\u2009+\u2009PG\u2010PS groups (each group; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096). A single intraperitoneal injection of PG\u2010PS or saline was administered to the mice. After 3\u2009weeks, blood and lower leg skeletal muscles were collected. Plasma inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly increased in both sexes following PG\u2010PS treatment. However, only male mice showed soleus muscle atrophy, decreased muscle protein synthesis (MPS), and increased apoptosis. In the OVX study, the OVX\u2009+\u2009PG\u2010PS group exhibited soleus muscle atrophy caused by PG\u2010PS\u2010induced CSI. In atrophic muscles, PG\u2010PS activated p65 and c\u2010Jun. These findings suggest that ovarian function regulates muscle protein metabolism and suppresses CSI\u2010induced skeletal muscle atrophy in female mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T07:10:16Z","timestamp":1750489816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan\u2010polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized <scp>C57BL<\/scp>\/<scp>6J<\/scp> mice"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0937-7838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryoga","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nippon Sport Science University  Setagaya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nippon 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