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The impacts of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on passive avoidance memory, oxidative stress markers, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the POF model were examined. POF was induced by cisplatin (2\u2009mg\/kg, IP\/7\u2009days). In the POF\u2009+\u2009Probiotic, POF\u2009+\u2009Prebiotic, and POF\u2009+\u2009Synbiotic groups, the treatments were done during 28\u2009days after 7\u2009days of cisplatin injection. The POF model was confirmed by a decrease in developing follicles. A decrease in latency in the passive avoidance test was seen in the POF group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05\u2013<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) along with a decrease in thiol and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and AChE (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01\u2013<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). An improvement in latency time in the passive avoidance test was seen in all POF\u2009+\u2009Probiotic, POF\u2009+\u2009Prebiotic, and POF\u2009+\u2009Synbiotic groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05\u2013<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Treatment with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics improved thiol, SOD, and attenuated AChE activity in the hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05\u2013<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Our results confirm that probiotics, prebiotics, and their combination as synbiotics have protective effects against oxidative stress\u2010related brain injury and improve aversive memory and cholinergic function in a POF model in rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T07:28:11Z","timestamp":1755588491000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on aversive memory in a premature ovarian failure model in rat"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Madahali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences and Reproductive Biology School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasul","family":"Saberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Biomedical Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sareh","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Sterility and Reproductive Biology Research Center Emam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arezoo","family":"Rajabian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6425-5123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/tjod.00334"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1496616"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2012000600012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","volume-title":"The role of oxidative stress and signal transduction in chemotherapy\u2010mediated cognitive impairment in the menopause rat model","author":"Bagnall\u2010Moreau C.","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"665","article-title":"Assessment of the neuroprotective effect of Cocos nucifera L. oil on learning and behavior impairment in ovariectomized rats","volume":"13","author":"Balderan A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5829.2007.00142.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121695"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.12.012"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Supplementation with a symbiotic induced neuroprotection and improved memory in rats with ischemic stroke","volume":"12","author":"Cruz\u2010Mart\u00ednez Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31712-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-107792"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13452"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16060789"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The impact of a prebiotic\u2010rich diet and\/or probiotic supplements on human cognition: Secondary outcomes from the \u2018gut feelings\u2019 randomised controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Freijy T. 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