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We examined heart rate variability (HRV) as an index of autonomic nervous system activity and investigated the effects of sugammadex on HRV in \u03b1\u2010chloralose and urethane anesthetized male rats. In protocol 1, we examined the effect of intravenous administration of sugammadex (10\u2009mg\/kg) alone. In protocol 2, sugammadex was administered 3\u2009min after the administration of rocuronium bromide. In protocol 3, the effect of sugammadex was assessed after vagotomy. Sugammadex significantly prolonged the mean R\u2010R interval and increased time domain HRV indices, total power, high\u2010frequency power, and low\u2010frequency power. Rocuronium prior to sugammadex did not affect sugammadex\u2010induced percent changes in HRV indices. Prior vagotomy abolished the effects of sugammadex on HRV. These results suggest that sugammadex prolonged the mean R\u2010R interval and augmented HRV indices via vagal activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T13:43:07Z","timestamp":1755178987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of sugammadex on heart rate variability in anesthetized male rats"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mika","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Anesthesiology Tokushima University Hospital  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4429-1802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toru","family":"Kawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6856-9362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keita","family":"Saku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"NTTR\u2010NCVC Bio Digital Twin Center National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Anesthesiology Tokushima University Hospital  Tokushima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9416-3761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinji","family":"Kawahito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Anesthesiology Tokushima University Hospital  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102044.2008.05869.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2684359"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2290763"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael240"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0000000000006131"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429246593"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57010079"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"64","volume-title":"Primer of biostatistics","author":"Glantz S. 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