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We investigated the impact of voluntary exercise (wheel running) during early\u2010life exercise (weanling; 3\u2009weeks old) compared to post\u2010skeletal maturity (young adult; 9\u2009weeks old) on tendon morphology and material properties. We utilized a selectively bred High Runner (HR, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200940) mouse line and a control line (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200940). Mice underwent 8\u2009weeks in cages either with or without wheels. HR mice ran ~3\u2010fold more and were smaller than controls, but exercise reduced body mass in both lines. Tendon cross\u2010sectional area was unaffected, but tendon length showed a line*exercise interaction (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0410) and a near\u2010significant line*age interaction (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0866). HR mice broadly had greater yield stress (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0262) and tended toward higher failure stress (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0676) than controls. Work to failure was greater in younger cohort mice (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0435), and marginal age\u2010related interactions were observed for modulus (line*exercise, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0632) and yield strain (line*age, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0535). HR mice were more responsive to exercise; older exercised HR mice had shorter tendons (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0282), and younger exercised HR mice showed lower yield and failure strains than sedentary counterparts (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0445, 0.0246). Exercise and its relative timing produced slight but complex effects on tendon properties, with HR mice showing the strongest structural and mechanical responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T07:29:14Z","timestamp":1755588554000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Early\u2010life exercise effects on Achilles tendon in mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel\u2010running behavior"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5991-1725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miles","family":"Valencia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology California State University  San Bernardino California 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