{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:15:48Z","timestamp":1788542148764,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Athletes use creatine monohydrate (CM) to enhance high\u2010intensity exercise performance by increasing creatine phosphate availability. While CM supplementation is known to raise muscle creatine levels in vegans and vegetarians, its impact on exercise performance remains uncertain. We examined the effects of CM supplementation on muscle creatine content and exercise performance in vegans and vegetarians. In a randomized, double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled design, 15 healthy vegans and vegetarians consumed CM (0.3\u2009g\/kg\/day, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) or placebo (PLA, 0.3\u2009g maltodextrin\/kg\/day, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098) four times a day for 7\u2009days. Before and after supplementation, repeated sprint capacity was determined. Body mass and fat\u2010free mass (FFM) were assessed by dual\u2010energy x\u2010ray absorptiometry. The CM group increased body mass (1.56\u2009\u00b1\u20090.57\u2009kg, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and FFM (1.15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.94\u2009kg, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), while the PLA group showed no changes. In the CM group, muscle creatine (Cr) and total muscle creatine (TCr) increased by 18.8\u2009\u00b1\u200913.1\u2009mmol\/kg (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and 30.8\u2009\u00b1\u200921.2\u2009mmol\/kg (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), respectively. The PLA group showed no changes in Cr and TCr (\u22124.6\u2009\u00b1\u200913.1\u2009mmol\/kg and 2.9\u2009\u00b1\u200911.6\u2009mmol\/kg, respectively). Phosphocreatine levels remained consistent within and between groups. There were no observed changes in peak and mean power output during repeated sprints. A seven\u2010day CM supplementation in healthy vegans and vegetarians increased Cr and TCr whereas Phosphocreatine, peak and mean power output during repeated sprints was unchanged.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T20:06:54Z","timestamp":1757707614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Muscle creatine levels and sprint performance in young adult vegans and vegetarians after 7\u2009days of creatine monohydrate supplementation"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4714-1981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas Christian","family":"Bonne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6572-8840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Arthemalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin Stephen","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas Breenfeldt","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Exercise Biology Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Bejder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ehlers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Herlev &amp; Gentofte Hospital  Herlev Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Holm\u2010S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolai Baastrup","family":"Nordsborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510004733"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365517509095787"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01094800"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451800017X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.17.6.624"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726\u2010016\u20102188\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000093614.17517.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-9-33"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Effect of recovery interval on multiple\u2010bout sprint cycling performance after acute creatine supplementation","volume":"16","author":"Cottrell G. 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