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Longer term lithium exposure is associated with the development of chronic interstitial fibrosis. The mechanisms of lithium\u2010induced kidney injury are multifaceted, affecting many intracellular cell signaling pathways associated with cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, and subsequent increased extracellular matrix formation and interstitial fibrosis. Amiloride has been demonstrated to have multiple pleiotropic actions, independent of its competitive antagonism of ENaC, in reducing the progressive lithium\u2010induced interstitial fibrosis. Further exploration of these interactions has the potential to expand our knowledge of pathways of tubular cell injury and repair, which in turn will lead to potential new therapeutic targets and drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T01:30:47Z","timestamp":1757554247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Lithium\u2010induced kidney injury and fibrosis: A versatile model to explore cellular pathways of injury and repair"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Paulomi","family":"Mehta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Injury and Transplant Immunology Group, Centre for Transplant and Renal Research Westmead Institute for Medical Research  Westmead New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4031-0604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tania","family":"Slatter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Pharmacy University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3366-0956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1981.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198502143120705"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00554.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01640408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.433"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2194-7511-1-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-008-0498-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00387.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1949.tb36912.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00266.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00383.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010070734"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013090988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.62.1.573"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1977.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08235-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9041060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12929"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00718.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00144.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-015-0032-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1181439"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117863"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18825-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","unstructured":"National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health. 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