{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T22:15:53Z","timestamp":1776896153795,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Voluntary stretching of upper back and shoulder muscles is often associated with a sense of well\u2010being of unknown cause. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of shoulder\/upper back stretching on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) responses in healthy individuals. Twenty\u2010four healthy individuals underwent continuous beat\u2010to\u2010beat HR<\/jats:styled-content> and BP<\/jats:styled-content> monitoring during active standing (AS<\/jats:styled-content>) and during shoulder\/upper back extension stretching. Measurements were compared using appropriate statistical tests. With AS<\/jats:styled-content>, HR<\/jats:styled-content> increased (median 24\u2009bpm) and systolic BP<\/jats:styled-content> decreased (median\u2009\u2212\u200928\u2009mmHg<\/jats:styled-content>). Shoulder\/upper back stretching elicited a similar BP<\/jats:styled-content> drop but a lesser HR<\/jats:styled-content> increment (p<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001). The HR<\/jats:styled-content> increase per mmHg BP<\/jats:styled-content> fall (\u2206HR<\/jats:styled-content>\/\u2206BP<\/jats:styled-content>) was significantly lower during stretch than during AS<\/jats:styled-content> (0.34 vs. 1.1 beats\/min\/mmHg<\/jats:styled-content>; p<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001). Thus, the HR<\/jats:styled-content> response with stretch\u2010induced BP<\/jats:styled-content> fall averaged only 30.9% of that seen with AS<\/jats:styled-content>. Shoulder\/upper back muscle stretching induces transient BP reduction with only limited compensatory tachycardia compared to hypotension during AS. These findings suggest a neural reflex mechanism possibly initiated by muscle mechanoreceptors, with predominant vasodepression that may contribute to relaxation and a sense of well\u2010being.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T04:57:37Z","timestamp":1758085057000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Stretch\u2010induced blood pressure moderation: A potential basis for the sense of well\u2010being accompanying stretching of upper back and neck muscles"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jorge L.","family":"Reyes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis Minnesota 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