{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T07:58:35Z","timestamp":1763625515668,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003126","name":"Opetus- ja Kulttuuriministeri\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OKM\/128\/626\/2021","OKM\/39\/626\/2022","OKM\/67\/626\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OKM\/128\/626\/2021","OKM\/39\/626\/2022","OKM\/67\/626\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003126","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We utilized non\u2010invasive methods and novel computational approaches to examine the effects of acutely varying fractional inspired O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (FIO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) on convective and diffusive steps of O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    transport and muscle tissue (de)oxygenation during incremental cycling to exhaustion in 10 Tier 3 and 4 endurance athletes breathing either 0.152, 0.209, or 0.298 FIO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . At submaximal work rates (100\u2013275\u2009W) in hypoxia, higher cardiac output compensated for lower arterial O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    content. At maximal work rate, convective O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    transport was lower in hypoxia (mean [95%CI]: 5.37 [5.14\u20135.59] L\/min,\n                    <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and higher in hyperoxia (6.84 [6.50\u20137.18] L\/min,\n                    <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.043) compared to normoxia (6.56 [6.16\u20136.95] L\/min), whereas O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    diffusive conductance did not differ between conditions (94 [82\u2013106], 98 [83\u2013112], 98[87\u2013109] mL\/min\/mmHg for hypoxia, normoxia and hyperoxia, respectively,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.490). Consequently, maximal O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    uptake (V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was lower in hypoxia (4.06 [3.85\u20134.27] L\/min,\n                    <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and higher in hyperoxia (5.02 [4.85\u20135.19] L\/min,\n                    <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.003) compared to normoxia (4.83 [4.63\u20135.02] L\/min). In hypoxia, muscle tissue saturation index was 1%\u20134%\u2010units lower compared to normoxia and hyperoxia during submaximal cycling but similar at maximal work rate. In summary, central and peripheral compensatory mechanisms maintained O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    uptake despite altered FIO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at submaximal work rates. At maximal work rate the effects of hypoxia and hyperoxia on V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                    were mediated through convective O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    transport.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T02:18:41Z","timestamp":1761790721000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of fractional inspired O\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    on the O\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    pathway during submaximal and maximal exercise in male endurance athletes"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Elias","family":"Lehtonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinic (HULA), Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Sports and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominique D.","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinic (HULA), Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Sports and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"},{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences Laurentian University  Sudbury Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antti\u2010Pekka E.","family":"Rissanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinic (HULA), Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Sports and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Mikkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinic (HULA), Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering Aalto University  Espoo Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juha E.","family":"Peltonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinic (HULA), Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Sports and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00166.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.6.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/93.3.491"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0261"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-016-3468-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2009.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP285650"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00155.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00824.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.162271"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13110"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199805000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210000226"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000475505"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1997.sp021854"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1359119"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271229"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085383"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP287378"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00096.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.21.9.091313"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1973.34.1.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000044"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1968.24.3.336"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01581-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.75.6.2586"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003238"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP281293"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0229"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2010.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00016.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201x.1999.00575.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210100411"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.073874"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0668-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003239"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210100458"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.3.1048"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","first-page":"H1453","article-title":"Determinants of maximal exercise VO2 during single leg knee\u2010extensor exercise in humans","volume":"268","author":"Richardson R. S.","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.87.1.325"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad4c36"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.3.1067"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.67.1.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23698-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","first-page":"H1038","article-title":"Is peak quadriceps blood flow in humans even higher during exercise with hypoxemia?","volume":"251","author":"Rowell L. B.","year":"1986","journal-title":"The American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12201"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13486"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0590-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1966.21.5.1589"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000453620"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199111030-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199201000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2010.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10974-022-09636-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-005-0081-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2006.07.002"}],"container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.14814\/phy2.70639","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T07:53:05Z","timestamp":1763625185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.14814\/phy2.70639"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.14814\/phy2.70639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.70639","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-817X","2051-817X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2051-817X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2051-817X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70639"}}