{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:22:25Z","timestamp":1787959345816,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Endurance exercise may be associated with acute damage to intestinal epithelial cells. The effect of caffeine supplementation, and whether this is influenced by common genetic polymorphisms (ADORA2A: rs5751876 and CYP1A2: rs762551), is not currently known. Participants (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200918 men and women) ingested caffeine (3\u2009mg\/kg body mass) or placebo 45\u2009min before cycling (20\u2009min at 70% maximal oxygen uptake followed by a 15\u2010min performance time\u2010trial). Plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP) was measured pre\u2010supplementation, pre\u2010 and post\u2010exercise. Four\u2010way mixed ANOVAs revealed significant main effects of treatment, time, and treatment \u00d7 time interaction (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Post hoc tests revealed a post\u2010exercise increase in plasma [iFABP], which was greater with caffeine; and a trial \u00d7 ADORA2A genotype interaction\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.021, with further post hoc analysis revealing a significant post\u2010exercise increase only in ADORA2A TT (\u201chigh sensitivity\u201d) participants in the caffeine trial (increase ~109%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.027, vs. 48% increase\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05 for \u201clow sensitivity\u201d participants). There were no other main effects or interactions (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Acute damage to gut cells caused by endurance exercise may be exacerbated by caffeine, especially in sensitive individuals. The potential implications of this for gastrointestinal responses to exercise warrant further examination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T07:45:42Z","timestamp":1763624742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Caffeine exacerbates exercise\u2010induced gut cell damage and is influenced by\n                    <scp>ADORA2A<\/scp>\n                    genotype but not\n                    <scp>CYP1A2<\/scp>\n                    genotype: A preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4340-0074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glen","family":"Davison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences (Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences) University of Kent  Canterbury UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander T.","family":"Carswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of East Anglia  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Sant\u00e9 Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Universit\u00e9 du Littoral C\u00f4te d'Opale  Dunkerque France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2015-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borja","family":"Martinez\u2010Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences (Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences) University of Kent  Canterbury UK"},{"name":"Kent and Medway Medical School University of Kent  Canterbury 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