{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:42:59Z","timestamp":1790703779681,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Older adults are highly vulnerable to severe COVID\u201019. Unlike our previous work on broad immunosenescence, this review focuses on peripheral hematological markers as practical indicators of risk. To examine lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and the neutrophil\u2010to\u2010lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as clinically accessible markers of immune aging and COVID\u201019 severity in older adults. Literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (up to 2025) for studies on aging, immunosenescence, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, NLR, and COVID\u201019. These markers consistently correlate with worse COVID\u201019 outcomes; NLR is a simple, reliable indicator of immune dysregulation, systemic inflammation, and mortality risk. Lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and elevated NLR are low\u2010cost, readily measurable markers associated with COVID\u201019 severity, highlighting their prognostic value and complementing prior immunosenescence research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T04:52:12Z","timestamp":1770871932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The neutrophil\u2010to\u2010lymphocyte ratio as a marker of immunosenescence and\n                    <scp>COVID\u201019<\/scp>\n                    outcomes in the elderly: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Maha","family":"Gasmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said Manouba University  Tunis Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimia","family":"Torabinasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Williams\u2010Hooker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences University of Memphis  Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santo","family":"Marsigliante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA) University of Salento  Lecce Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2822-9929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Muscella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA) University of Salento  Lecce Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiaf117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Molecular Biology of the Cell","author":"Alberts B.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3390\/covid5070096","article-title":"Neutrophil\u2010to\u2010lymphocyte ratio predicts COVID\u201019 mortality in the Yucatecan Maya population: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Alonso Batun A. 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