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Glutamine is postulated to decrease oxidative stress; however, its effect on endothelial dysfunction in hyperglycemia is unknown. Therefore, we investigated how glutamine affects endothelial function in normal and high glucose. Human coronary artery endothelial cells were treated with 0, 0.5, or 2\u2009mM glutamine in 5.5 or 15\u2009mM glucose for 24\u2009h. We then assessed cell proliferation, oxidative stress, cell survival, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Our data showed that independent of glucose concentration, glutamine increased proliferation by up to 3.5\u2010fold. Furthermore, glutamine metabolism through glutaminase\u20101 reduced oxidative stress and cell death by up to 70% and 94%, respectively, by doubling glutathione and NADPH. Glutamine also increased ex\u00a0vivo vasodilation in isolated murine carotid arteries without altering eNOS activity or nitric oxide in\u00a0vitro, suggesting that the enhanced vasodilation results from reduced oxidative stress. These findings indicate that glutamine mitigates endothelial cell oxidative stress by enhancing reducing capacity, which may protect against diabetic cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T07:57:18Z","timestamp":1769068638000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Glutamine enhances endothelial cell survival and vasodilation by increasing glutathione to reduce oxidative stress"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Marzyeh","family":"Kheradmand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurneet","family":"Sangha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire M.","family":"Sissons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren V.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meagan","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland Baltimore County  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengpeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland Baltimore County  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2462-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alisa Morss","family":"Clyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065458"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117957"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101625"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520\u2010007\u20100266\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci200111235"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.22.12222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2015.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476\u20105381.1990.tb12693.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204\u2010012\u20100913\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201695518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2012.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00783.2004.\u2010Glu"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201796436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5491\/SHAW.2011.2.4.380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","volume-title":"A Master Regulator of Oxidative Stress\u2014The Transcription Factor Nrf2","author":"Lin T. 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