{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T16:19:37Z","timestamp":1780503577533,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012161","name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012161","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015752","name":"BC Lung Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008154","name":"Canadian Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008154","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In vitro airway epithelial models, such as air\u2010liquid interface (ALI) cultures, are widely used for disease modeling, therapeutic and toxicology testing, and studying epithelial\u2010environmental interactions. However, it remains unknown whether the pore density of the permeable membrane inserts, on which primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) are grown, influences their morphological and differentiation characteristics. To investigate this, HBEC from seven donors were cultured on inserts with low (4\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    pores\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and high (1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    pores\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) pore densities and differentiated for 28\u2009days. ALI cultures on low pore density inserts exhibited greater epithelial thickness, longer cilia, and higher nuclear density compared to those on high pore density inserts. Additionally, periodic\u2010acid Schiff staining revealed increased mucin production in low pore density cultures. Immunohistochemistry showed significant differences in cytokeratin 5 and FOXJ1 expression between conditions, while MUC5B and \u03b2\u2010tubulin\u2010IV expression was unchanged. Similarly, transepithelial electrical resistance measurements indicated similar barrier integrity. Our findings indicate that pore density influences HBEC\u2010derived ALI culture morphology and differentiation, which may contribute to variability across studies and highlight that selecting the appropriate insert is crucial for experimental consistency.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T04:22:16Z","timestamp":1775017336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterizing airway epithelial cultures grown on permeable inserts with different pore densities"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3895-1791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. J. 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