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Thirteen participants (8\u2009M\/5F) were tested at low and high altitude (days 3\u201311). Participants performed rhythmic handgrip for 3\u2009min at 25% maximal voluntary contraction during local infusions of saline, propranolol (\u03b2\u2010adrenergic blockade), and phentolamine with propranolol (\u03b1\u2010\u03b2\u2010adrenergic blockade). Doppler ultrasound was used to examine brachial artery blood flow (FBF) and calculate forearm vascular conductance (FVC). Resting FBF and FVC were higher in males compared to females across all conditions (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.024;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.025, respectively). Blockade condition significantly altered FBF and FVC (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for both) but there was no effect of altitude (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.330;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.718, respectively). During exercise, \u0394FBF was influenced by condition (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but not by sex (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.696) or altitude (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.813). Similarly, \u0394FVC was different across conditions (control: 9.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u2009mL\/min\/mmHg\/FAV; \u03b2\u2010blockade: 11.4\u2009\u00b1\u200912.8\u2009mL\/min\/mmHg\/FAV; \u03b1\u2010\u03b2\u2010blockade: 3.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u2009mL\/min\/mmHg\/FAV;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with no effect of sex (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.646) or altitude (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.889). These results suggest males and females do not respond differently to exercise at altitude, and light\u2010intensity exercise hyperemia may be preserved during early acclimatization. \u03b1\u2010adrenergic receptors appear important for exercising blood flow, but \u03b2\u2010adrenergic receptors may not be critical in this response.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T05:02:30Z","timestamp":1770181350000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effect of sex on the isolated and combined \u03b1\u2010 and \u03b2\u2010adrenergic control of blood flow during handgrip in adults at high altitude: An exploratory study"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Maier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Health Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences University of British Columbia\u2014Okanagan  Kelowna British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8939-5263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily R.","family":"Vanden Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Health Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel","family":"Ewalts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangor University  Bangor 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Diepen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Anholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University  Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Lawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip N.","family":"Ainslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences University of British Columbia\u2014Okanagan  Kelowna British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis D.","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Arizona University  Flagstaff Arizona 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