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Participants were randomized to a rested\u2010fasted (FAST), rested\u2010fed (FED), or exercise\u2010fed (EXFED) condition. FED and EXFED consumed a mixed carbohydrate and AA beverage enriched with L\u2010[1\u2010\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]leucine (25%) and L\u2010[\n                    <jats:italic>ring<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    ]phenylalanine (30%) at rest or after a bout of resistance exercise, while FAST consumed only the equivalent tracer dose. Blood samples were obtained every 30\u2009min for 300\u2009min to determine tracer precursor enrichment with muscle biopsies obtained before and at 120 and 300\u2009min after tracer ingestion to determine MyoPS by the precursor\u2010product method. LEUMyoPS over 300\u2009min was greater (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) in EXFED (0.090\u2009\u00b1\u20090.024%\/h; mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD) and FED (0.067\u2009\u00b1\u20090.028%\/h) compared to FAST (0.024\u2009\u00b1\u20090.015%\/h). PHEMyoPS over 300\u2009min was greater (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) in EXFED (0.128\u2009\u00b1\u20090.034%\/h) and FED (0.098\u2009\u00b1\u20090.020%\/h) compared to FAST (0.056\u2009\u00b1\u20090.012%\/h). There was a positive correlation (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.81,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) between LEUMyoPS and. Oral essential amino acid tracer ingestion can be used as an alternative method to detect changes in MyoPS in response to mixed macronutrient feeding and feeding plus exercise and may be an option for the study of human muscle protein synthesis where intravenous isotope administration is logistically difficult or prohibitively expensive.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T14:56:38Z","timestamp":1772981798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Oral amino acid tracer delivery detects feeding and exercise changes in myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in male adults"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Mazzulla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Department of Exercise Sciences University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Hodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Department of Exercise Sciences University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula J.","family":"Scaife","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\u2010Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham BRC, Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology, School of Medicine University of Nottingham  Derby UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\u2010Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham BRC, Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology, School of Medicine University of Nottingham  Derby 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