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In this study, female C57BL\/6J mice were treated with triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) to induce hyperthyroidism or with methimazole (MMI) to induce hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroid mice exhibited decreased alveolar bone levels, measured as greater root exposure between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and alveolar bone crest (ABC) (buccal: 41% increase,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.566e\u201007, 1\u2010\u03b2\u2009=\u20091.0; lingual: 8% increase,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.011, 1\u2010\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.71) relative to controls, whereas hypothyroid mice exhibited reduced root exposure (buccal: 23% decrease,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.020, 1\u2010\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.65; lingual: 11% decrease,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.011, 1\u2010\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.74) relative to controls. 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that both hyper\u2010 and hypothyroid treatments reduced gut microbial diversity and altered community composition. These findings indicate that thyroid dysfunction can influence both gut microbiota and alveolar bone homeostasis, suggesting a potential gut\u2013thyroid\u2013bone axis. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the mechanistic links between endocrine status, microbial metabolites, and bone remodeling.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T07:37:03Z","timestamp":1773905823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thyroid dysfunction alters gut microbiota composition and alveolar bone levels in female mice"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0628-6433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Southern Illinois University Edwardsville  Edwardsville Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brailey","family":"Coulter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Southern Illinois University Edwardsville  Edwardsville Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6066-5608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinnamon","family":"VanPutte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical and Craniofacial Sciences Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine  Alton Illinois 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