{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T07:06:22Z","timestamp":1779433582485,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN\u20102020\u201007075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN\u20102020\u201007075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The hormonal intrauterine device (hIUD) induces local changes to reproductive biology (e.g., uterus, endometrium) and has some systemic physiological effects (e.g., hormones, mood, etc.). However, the systemic hormonal changes observed in women with eumenorrheic (EUM) cycles have not been thoroughly investigated in hIUD users. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the concentrations of serum estrogen (i.e., estradiol) and progesterone for hIUD users and compare those concentrations to EUM women. Sixteen hIUD users and 15 EUM women enrolled in a larger investigation had venous blood collected during two testing sessions separated by ~14\u2009days for hIUD and in the early follicular (EFP) and mid\u2010luteal (MLP) phases for EUM women. The luteinizing hormone surge was determined using urinary ovulation kits, and menstrual cycles were tracked using calendar\u2010based counting to confirm the EUM cycles. Progesterone and estradiol enzyme\u2010linked immunoassays were used to analyze the serum samples. The endogenous estrogen and progesterone concentrations were similar across testing sessions in hIUD users (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.720), whereas for EUM women, estrogen and progesterone were greater in the MLP than the EFP (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004). Based on these differences between estrogen and progesterone in hIUD users and EUM women, hIUD users should be treated as a unique group of females.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T05:45:53Z","timestamp":1774676753000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hormonal profiles of eumenorrheic women compared to hormonal intrauterine device users"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3120-4748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooklyn M.","family":"Wiggins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarzo","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9296-8921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia K.","family":"Doyle\u2010Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"O'Brien Institute of Public Health University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5108-2235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saied Jalal","family":"Aboodarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.728756"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018\u2010200427150\u201000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S11304"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2019.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","volume-title":"MIRENA\u00ae [prescribing information]","author":"Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.853714"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004764"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2014.911354"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/wspaj.2021\u20100028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep411"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3182625a51"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2003.009886"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010021\u201001435\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2012.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768\u2010200002000\u201000034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2019.03.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223\u2010024\u201001259\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2020.1815008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102265.1987.tb00832.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/H07\u2010128"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002073"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1978.44.1.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.116525"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0039\u2010128x(00)00176\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0940089"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010017\u20103628\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2016.1193139"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59020400"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002713"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28476"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2007.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.4.2.151"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.26015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012\u20103780"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2016.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ijem.4158"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2012.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2012.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201063798\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2006.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.761760"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","volume-title":"Meeting the changing needs for family planning: Contraceptive use by age and method. World family planning 2022","author":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010\u20107824(95)00102\u2010g"}],"container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.14814\/phy2.70842","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.14814\/phy2.70842","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.14814\/phy2.70842","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T06:20:59Z","timestamp":1779430859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.14814\/phy2.70842"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.14814\/phy2.70842"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.70842","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-817X","2051-817X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2051-817X","type":"print"},{"value":"2051-817X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70842"}}