{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T07:06:19Z","timestamp":1779433579173,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To determine the effects of noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation (nVNS) on the frequency, intensity, impact, and quality of life in individuals with chronic migraine. The randomized controlled trial (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) was conducted over 128 participants, randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group received\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nVNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , while the control group underwent sham interventions along with the prescribed medications. Data collection involved the pre and post\u2010use of a structured headache diary, a numerical pain scale (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), the multidimensional pain inventory, and migraine\u2010specific quality of life (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QoL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) questionnaires. The experimental group's MS\u2010QoL scores significantly improved, with a mean rank of 94.59, and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    value &lt;0.001. Similarly, the NPS scores showed that the experimental group's pain levels were considerably lower, with a mean rank of 36.77 and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    value &lt;0.001. The MPI scores highlighted a substantial reduction in pain\u2010related interference and behaviors within the experimental group, with\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    value\u2009=\u20090.035. In terms of headache severity, the structured headache diary revealed that the experimental group experienced fewer severe headaches, with only 16 instances (15.6%), and an increase in moderate headaches to 51 instances (51.6%). The study indicates that nVNS significantly enhanced quality of life and reduced pain intensity, frequency, and impact among chronic migraine patients over 4\u2009weeks of active stimulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T09:26:30Z","timestamp":1775726790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of vagal nerve stimulation on pain frequency and intensity in chronic migraine in adults: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.14814","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Rabia","family":"Nasir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation &amp; Allied Health Sciences Riphah International University  Islamabad Pakistan"},{"name":"University Institute of Physical Therapy University of Lahore  Sargodha Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2487-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirza Obaid","family":"Baig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation &amp; Allied Health Sciences Riphah International University  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turki","family":"Abualait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Applied Medical Sciences Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumaiyah","family":"Obaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation &amp; Allied Health Sciences Riphah International University  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irij Javed","family":"Jadoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation &amp; Allied Health Sciences Riphah International University  Islamabad Pakistan"},{"name":"Women Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences  Abbottabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fawaz","family":"Al\u2010hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Neurology College of Medicine, King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6286-6895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahid","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32160-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-03024-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419877171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414524494"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"International Headache Society. 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